Coastal shrimp farming in Thailand: searching for sustainability.

Szuster, Brian W.; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Tuong, T. P.; Gowing, John; Hardy, B.

doi:10.1079/9781845931070.0086

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Black tiger shrimp, a native species, was farmed intensively for several decades in Thailand. During the early 2000s, white‐leg shrimp, native to Latin America, were transferred to shrimp industries in Thailand following a decrease in black tiger shrimp culture owing to infectious disease (Szuster 2006). Currently, white‐leg shrimp accounts for 98% of the total shrimp production entering the shrimp auction in this area, although black tiger shrimps are still cultured on a small scale (Wyban 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and characterization of oxytetracycline-resistant bacteria associated with non-native species, white-leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), and native species, black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon), intensively cultured in Thailand

Yano

Hamano

Satomi

et al. 2011

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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Aims: This study aimed at surveying prevalence of oxytetracycline (OTC)‐resistant bacteria in the white‐leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, and the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon, intensively cultured in Thailand. We investigated the phylogenetic diversity of the bacterial isolates, as well as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of OTC, the occurrence of major OTC‐resistant genes and multiple‐antibiotic resistance in the isolates. Methods and Results: Shrimps were collected from culture ponds, and the homogenates of whole bodies were plated on tryptic soy agar supplemented with or without OTC. Percentages of OTC‐resistant bacteria were 0·3–52·1% in white‐leg samples and 0·008–22·3% in black tiger samples. Analyses of 16S rDNA sequences indicated that most OTC‐resistant isolates were closely related to Aeromonas spp. and Lactococcus garvieae. MICs of OTC were 4–128 μg ml−1 in the OTC‐resistant aeromonads and 128–256 μg ml−1 in OTC‐resistant L. garvieae. OTC resistance was found to be conferred by the genes tet(A), tet(C), tet(D), tet(E), tet(M) and tet(S), detected either singly or in pairs. No resistance to ceftazidime, imipenem or chloramphenicol was observed in any isolate. Conclusions: Both species of shrimp are associated with OTC‐resistant bacteria, occasionally at high densities exceeding 106 cfu g−1. The associated bacteria, predominantly Lactococcus and Aeromonas genera, are potential pathogens and are reservoirs of a variety of OTC‐resistant genes. Significance and Impact of the Study: Cultured shrimps can be vehicle to carry OTC‐resistant bacteria to domestic and foreign consumers via the food chain. Very low populations of OTC‐resistant bacteria observed in the several ponds suggest that levels of the resistant bacteria are artificially high and should be reduced in farmed shrimps.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and characterization of oxytetracycline-resistant bacteria associated with non-native species, white-leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), and native species, black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon), intensively cultured in Thailand

Yano

Hamano

Satomi

et al. 2011

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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“…With this in mind, 2 intensive culture systems could be considered: hyper-intensive (75 to 120 ind. m ) rearing in higher elevation areas (3 to 4 ha) of existing but reshaped ponds, in the same way as the Thai shrimp culture practices evolved in the 1980s (Szuster 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigation of sea level rise effects by addition of sediment to shrimp ponds

Patrona¹,

Beliaeff²,

Pickering³

2011

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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In New Caledonia barren salt-pans located landward to mangroves are used for the construction of shrimp ponds. The existing farms are jeopardized by the projected rise in the sea level, because the landward boundaries of ponds are situated at the elevation reached by spring tides. One low-cost strategy for mitigating the effects of sea level rise is to raise the level of the bottom of ponds. To test the effectiveness of such an adaptation, we built 4 experimental ponds in the low-lying zone of an existing 10 ha shrimp pond. The level of the bottom of 2 ponds was raised by adding about 15 cm of agricultural soil. Placing agricultural soil in the pond did not impair the functioning of the shrimp pond ecosystem. On the contrary, it resulted in unexpectedly better shrimp production in the 2 ponds with agricultural soils versus control ponds. We conclude that placing a layer of soil inside shrimp ponds is a promising strategy for maintaining the viability of shrimp ponds as the sea level rises.

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“…Successive crop failures have led to the abandonment of affected ponds and the relocation of farming operations to new areas, compounding the problem of coastal zone and mangrove habitat degradation (Dierberg & Kiattisimkul 1996; Paez‐Osuna 2001). Abandoned ponds are rarely re‐habilitated for farming and either remain idle or are converted to non‐agricultural land uses, such as housing or manufacturing (Szuster 2006). Crop failures in disease‐prone coastal areas have also led to the development of low‐salinity husbandry practices, resulting in the conversion of irrigated paddy fields and the expansion of shrimp farming into inland areas.…”

Section: Impacts Of Disease In Shrimp Aquaculturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…1999; Pongnak 1999; Ali 2006). In Thailand, such environmental concerns have led to a national ban of low‐salinity shrimp farming in inland areas (Szuster 2006).…”

Section: Impacts Of Disease In Shrimp Aquaculturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may well represent the largest trans‐continental relocation of a single species in the history of the planet. Although P. vannamei are now commonly recovered off the coast of several Asian countries, and concerns have been expressed about their impact on native habitats (Arthington & Bluhdorn 1996; Szuster 2006), there has been little evidence to date of displacement of endemic species and the environmental consequences of this mass translocation remain uncertain.…”

Section: Impacts Of Disease In Shrimp Aquaculturementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Viral disease emergence in shrimp aquaculture: origins, impact and the effectiveness of health management strategies

Walker

Mohan

2009

Reviews in Aquaculture

215

153

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Shrimp aquaculture has grown rapidly over several decades to become a major global industry that serves the increasing consumer demand for seafood and has contributed significantly to socio‐economic development in many poor coastal communities. However, the ecological disturbances and changes in patterns of trade associated with the development of shrimp farming have presented many of the pre‐conditions for the emergence and spread of disease. Shrimp are displaced from their natural environments, provided artificial or alternative feeds, stocked in high density, exposed to stress through changes in water quality and are transported nationally and internationally, either live or as frozen product. These practices have provided opportunities for increased pathogenicity of existing infections, exposure to new pathogens, and the rapid transmission and transboundary spread of disease. Not surprisingly, a succession of new viral diseases has devastated the production and livelihoods of farmers and their sustaining communities. This review examines the major viral pathogens of farmed shrimp, the likely reasons for their emergence and spread, and the consequences for the structure and operation of the shrimp farming industry. In addition, this review discusses the health management strategies that have been introduced to combat the major pathogens and the reasons that disease continues to have an impact, particularly on poor, small‐holder farmers in Asia.

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Coastal shrimp farming in Thailand: searching for sustainability.

Cited by 13 publications

References 14 publications

Diversity and characterization of oxytetracycline-resistant bacteria associated with non-native species, white-leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), and native species, black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon), intensively cultured in Thailand

Diversity and characterization of oxytetracycline-resistant bacteria associated with non-native species, white-leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), and native species, black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon), intensively cultured in Thailand

Mitigation of sea level rise effects by addition of sediment to shrimp ponds

Viral disease emergence in shrimp aquaculture: origins, impact and the effectiveness of health management strategies

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