Viral disease emergence in shrimp aquaculture: origins, impact and the effectiveness of health management strategies

Walker, Peter; Mohan, C. V.

doi:10.1111/j.1753-5131.2009.01007.x

Cited by 215 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 239 publications

(535 reference statements)

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“…The first official reports of WSD were confirmed in Taiwan and China in 1992 (Chou et al 1995, Flegel 1997, Zhan et al 1998. The virus was then reported from other countries in Asia and the Americas (Flegel & Alday-Sanz 1998, APHIS 1999, Walker & Mohan 2009). In Asia, it was estimated that the economic impact of WSSV was $US 4 to 6 billion between 1992 and 2002 (Lightner 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Risk factors associated with white spot syndrome virus outbreaks in marine shrimp farms in Rayong Province, Thailand

Yaemkasem

Boonyawiwat²,

Kasornchandra³

et al. 2017

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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The purpose of this study was to determine risk factors for white spot disease (WSD) in Rayong, Thailand. A study was conducted from October 2014 to March 2015 to identify potential farm-level risk factors using a validated questionnaire. We completed 1 questionnaire for each farm; a total of 38 questionnaires from the case farms and 127 questionnaires from the control farms were collected. The results showed that the presence of WSD in previous crops and the use of seawater were risk factors (p < 0.01), indicating that the environment plays an important role in WSD outbreaks in Rayong. Good management practices for pond preparation and other mitigation steps should be part of a control measure program for WSD in this region.KEY WORDS: Shrimp ⋅ Epidemiology ⋅ Risk factors ⋅ White spot syndrome virus 124: 193-199, 2017 temperature and pH affected the shrimp and influenced WSD infection. Corsin et al. (2003) indicated that, in Karnataka, India, potential risk factors for WSSV included improper salinity in transportation bags, improper post-larvae (PL) length, and late stocking date. However, very little information is available about risk factors at the pond or farm level. Corsin et al. (2001) reported that the location of a pond close to the sea was a risk factor in Vietnam. In the Philippines, an important risk factor was feeding live mollusks to the shrimp (Tendencia et al. 2011). Recently, in Thailand, Piamsomboon et al. (2015) indicated that risk factors included the sourcing of water from communal canals, the use of year-round cultures, and an owner operating multiple farm sites. Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat OrgThe purpose of the present study was to identify farm-level risk factors for WSD in Rayong, Thailand. Results of this study will be used to improve or establish measures that can be used to prevent or control WSD in this area. This will reduce the economic losses of farmers in Rayong. In addition, conclusions from this study may also in struct disease evaluation and control in other geographical areas, both in side and outside Thailand. MATERIALS AND METHODS Target population and study frameworkAll active marine shrimp farms in Rayong were examined in this study. We selected this area because marine shrimp culture is predominant. Most of the farms in this area are located in 2 districts: the Mueang Rayoung District and the Klaeng District (Fig. 1). A study was conducted from October 2014 to March 2015 to identify potential among-farm (farmlevel) risk factors using a validated questionnaire. At the initiation stage of this study, the laboratory results from passive surveillance by the Department of Fisheries (DoF) of Thailand were used to categorize shrimp farms as either cases or controls. To qualify as a suspected farm for WSD, a farmer had to have called in a report to the local DoF and had to have brought at least 15 suspected shrimp to the laboratory. The following clinical signs were used to define the suspected cases and ide...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Risk factors associated with white spot syndrome virus outbreaks in marine shrimp farms in Rayong Province, Thailand

Yaemkasem

Boonyawiwat²,

Kasornchandra³

et al. 2017

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…White spot disease (WSD) is a highly contagious viral disease that can rapidly spread throughout an area and cause high levels of mortality in many species of cultured penaeid shrimp, especially Penaeus monodon (Flegel & Alday-Sanz, 1998;Walker & Mohan, 2009). White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is the causative agent of this disease (Inouye et al, 1994).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed-genotype white spot syndrome virus infections of shrimp are inversely correlated with disease outbreaks in ponds

Hoa

Zwart

Phượng

et al. 2010

Journal of General Virology

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Outbreaks of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in shrimp culture and the relationship between the virus and virulence are not well understood. Here, we provide evidence showing that WSSV mixed-genotype infections correlate with lower outbreak incidence and that disease outbreaks correlate with single-genotype infections. We tested 573 shrimp samples from 81 shrimp ponds in the Mekong delta with outbreak or non-outbreak status. The variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) loci of WSSV were used as molecular markers for the characterization of single-and mixed-genotype infections. The overall prevalence of mixed-genotype WSSV infections was 25.7 %. Non-outbreak ponds had a significantly higher frequency of mixed-genotype infections than outbreak ponds for all VNTR loci, both at the individual shrimp as well as at the pond level. The genetic composition of WSSV populations appears to correlate with the health status of shrimp culture in ponds. The causal relationship between genotypic diversity and disease outbreaks can now be experimentally approached.

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“…White spot disease (WSD) is a highly contagious viral illness caused by the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) that causes serious economic losses in shrimp aquaculture worldwide (Lightner 1996, Walker & Mohan 2009, Stentiford & Lightner 2011, Kalaima ni et al 2013). The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) places WSSV as the only member of the genus Whispovirus in the family Nimaviridae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotyping WSSV isolates from northwestern Mexican shrimp farms affected by white spot disease outbreaks in 2010-2012

Durán‐Avelar¹,

Pérez‐Enríquez²,

Zambrano‐Zaragoza³

et al. 2015

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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White spot disease (WSD) causes high mortality in cultured shrimp throughout the world. Its etiologic agent is the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). The genomic repeat regions ORF 75, ORF 94, and ORF 125 have been used to classify WSSV isolates in epidemiological studies using PCR with specific primers and sequencing. The present study investigated the variation in nucleotide sequences from 107, 150, and 143 isolates of WSSV collected from Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp ponds with WSD outbreaks in northwestern Mexico during the period 2010−2012, in the genomic repeat regions ORFs 75, 94, and 125, respectively. The haplotypic nomenclature for each isolate was based on the number of repeat units and the position of single nucleotide polymorphisms on each ORF. We report finding 17, 43, and 66 haplotypes of ORFs 75, 94, and 125, respectively. The study found high haplotypic diversity in WSSV using the complete sequences of ORFs 94 and 125 as independent variables, but low haplotypic diversity for ORF 75. Different haplotypes of WSSV were found from region-to-region and year-to-year, though some individual haplotypes were found in different places and in more than one growing cycle. While these results suggest a high rate of mutation of the viral genome at these loci, or perhaps the introduction of new viral strains into the area, they are useful as a tool for epidemiological surveys. Two haplotypes from some of the ORFs in the same shrimp were encountered, suggesting the possibility of multiple infections.

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Viral disease emergence in shrimp aquaculture: origins, impact and the effectiveness of health management strategies

Cited by 215 publications

References 239 publications

Risk factors associated with white spot syndrome virus outbreaks in marine shrimp farms in Rayong Province, Thailand

Risk factors associated with white spot syndrome virus outbreaks in marine shrimp farms in Rayong Province, Thailand

Mixed-genotype white spot syndrome virus infections of shrimp are inversely correlated with disease outbreaks in ponds

Genotyping WSSV isolates from northwestern Mexican shrimp farms affected by white spot disease outbreaks in 2010-2012

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