Coastal Erosion Studies—A Review

Abstract

The land ward displacement of the shoreline caused by the forces of waves and currents is termed as Coastal Erosion. The Coastal areas have become more prone and vulnerable to natural and human made hazards which lead to Coastal Erosion. The Shoreline retreat is recognized as a burgeoning threat because of global climate change and other anthropogenic activities that alter the natural processes of sustaining beaches and coasts. Coastal Erosion mainly occurs when wind, waves and long shore currents move sand from shore and deposit it somewhere else. The sand can be moved to another beach, to the deeper ocean bottom, into an ocean trench or onto the landside of a dune. The removal of the sand from the sand sharing system results in permanent changes in beach shape and structure. The impact of the event is not seen immediately as in the case of Tsunami or Storm Surge but it is equally important when we consider loss of property. It generally takes months or years to note the impact of Erosion; therefore, this is generally classified as a "Long Term Coastal Hazard". The present paper attempts to describe a Review on Coastal Erosion Process, Parameters' affecting, and methodologies are adopted to identify the erosion and recommend a solution.

Evidencia de procesos erosivos en la bahía El Ferrol en Perú, para el periodo 1974-2020

“…La erosión costera afecta aproximadamente el 70 % de las costas del mundo (Prasad y Kumar, 2014) y podría aumentar, ya que en los 25 km de ella vive el 20 % de la población mundial. La erosión es un proceso natural de retroceso de la línea costera en un contexto de déficit sedimentario, en un periodo amplio (Comisión Europea, 2005); sin embargo, por tratarse de microambientes frágiles donde fácilmente el uso humano introduce desequilibrio (Rodríguez y Beltrán, 2012) es una amenaza geológica en zonas con uso intensivo del espacio físico (Correa et al, 2007).…”

Analysis of shoreline changes in Vishakhapatnam coastal tract of Andhra Pradesh, India: an application of digital shoreline analysis system (DSAS)

“…Beach shape and structure may change due to erosion of sand and sand sharing systems. It takes months and years to observe impact erosion and deposition so it is often called 'Long-Term Coastal Hazard' (Prasad and Kumar 2014).…”

“What are you going to do, Protest the Wind?”: Community Perceptions of Emergent and Worsening Coastal Erosion from the Remote Bering Sea Community of St. Paul, Alaska

“…This loss of sea ice during the winter dramatically influences wave magnitude and may result in higher energy coastal systems (i.e., systems that experience increased erosion of sediments as opposed to deposition of sediments; Church et al 2013;Thomson and Rogers 2014), increased storm frequency and severity (Vermaire et al 2013), and higher rates of permafrost thaw (Raynolds et al 2013). Erosion resulting from these environmental changes may not be initially detectable as the impacts of erosion may take months or years to become visibly noticeable (Prasad and Kumar 2014); however, observable damage may occur after an acute event such as a particularly intense storm.…”

“…Among government agencies, such planning is often rooted in western science and is heavily reliant on quantitative data analysis, computer modeling, and geospatial data. For example, there are a variety of numerical models that estimate erosion changes, such as change from historic baselines and predicting future changes, that are increasingly applied to community adaptation planning efforts (Prasad and Kumar 2014 ).…”