Coarctation of Aorta in Children

Abstract

Coarctation of aorta (CoA) is a discrete narrowing in aorta causing obstruction to the flow of blood. It accounts for 6–8% of all congenital heart diseases. With advances in fetal echocardiography rate of prenatal diagnosis of coarctation of aorta has improved but it still remains a challenging diagnosis to make prenatally. Transthoracic echocardiography is mainstay of making initial diagnosis and routine follow-up. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) are great advanced imaging tools for two-dimensional and three-dimensional imaging of aortic arch in complex cases. Based on type of coarctation, size of patient, severity of lesion, and associated abnormalities various management options like surgical treatment, transcatheter balloon angioplasty and transcatheter stent implantation are available. There is significant improvement in long-term survival from pre-surgical era to post-surgical era. But, among the postsurgical era patients, the long-term survival has not significantly changed between older and contemporary cohort. Patients with coarctation of aorta need lifelong follow-up event after successful initial intervention.

Heating of an Aortic Stent for Coarctation Treatment During Magnetic Particle Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Imaging—A Comparative In Vitro Study

“…There are various disadvantages of surgical treatment including immediate postoperative complications, e.g. paradoxical hypertension, injury of the recurrent laryngeal nerve or bleeding [ 2 ]. Recoarctation is the most frequent long-term complication and requires further operations [ 1 ].…”

RNA sequencing analyses in infants patients with coarctation of the aorta

“…CoA is a type of congenital heart illness rather than a kind of ordinary mechanical disease that can be treated completely by the intervention surgery alone [ 2 ]. Frequent recurrence of high blood pressure and atherosclerosis after surgical treatment hinders the assurance of patient’s quality of life [ 5 ]. Therefore, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of infants with CoA are vital in reducing the mortality rate and preventing postoperative complications.…”

“…Early diagnosis and proper management of CoA have significant positive effects on the mortality rate associated with this disease [ 3 ]. However, the complications, such as paradoxical hypertension and aneurysm formation, still pose a serious threat to the health of patients with CoA [ 4 , 5 ]. Revealing the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of this condition may provide insights into the possible selection of the appropriate therapeutic measures for treating CoA, especially for improving the life quality of infants [ 6 ].…”

320-slice Computed Tomography Angiography Imaging Findings and Follow-up in A Patient with Aortic Coarctation Misdiagnosed as Hypertension: A Case Report and Literature Review

“…Echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) failed to provide additional anatomical information in simple CoA compared to CTA. Echocardiography and MRI presented both the valve conditions and myocardial motion of each chamber wall in real-time [12,13]. Both remain necessary as supplementary methods.…”