Coalescence of mesophase spheres and microstructure of graphitic carbon revealed by scanning electron microscopy

Chen, Lei; Fei, You Qing; Fan, Xiaohua; Jiang, Zhao

doi:10.1007/s10853-017-1364-3

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The term defines a material, whose state of matter is an intermediate between solid and liquid [60,61]. In this field of research, coalescence is widely recognized as a growth mechanism [62][63][64]. The models used to describe those systems can probably serve as a good foundation or inspiration for better modeling of the carbon spheres during HTC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal carbonization of fructose—effect of salts and reactor stirring on the growth and formation of carbon spheres

Jung

Duman

Zimmermann

et al. 2021

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has become a promising technology for the production of hydrochar and carbon spheres. Several studies indicate a strong dependency of the reaction conditions on the sphere diameter. The usage of additives, such as salts, is one possibility to increase the size of the spheres. However, the growth mechanism which leads to larger particles is not fully understood. In this work, kinetic studies of HTC with fructose were performed with different salts as additives. The growth of the particles (the increase in size) has been compared to the formation rates (increase in yield) of hydrochar by using the reaction rate constants from the kinetic model. The results indicate that the acceleration of the growth rate is independent of the formation rate. It is therefore assumed that coagulation, as a growth mechanism, took place. With longer reaction times, the particles reached a stable particle size, independently from the added salts; therefore, it was assumed that the particles underwent some sort of solidification. The state of matter can therefore be described as an intermediate state between liquid and solid, similar to mesophase pitch. Experiments with a stirrer resulted in squashed particles, which supports the model, that the particles exhibit emulsion-like behavior.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal carbonization of fructose—effect of salts and reactor stirring on the growth and formation of carbon spheres

Jung

Duman

Zimmermann

et al. 2021

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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“…15 Mesophase pitch forms a curved carbon layer stacked structure under high-temperature carbonization and the external nano-Si particles may cause distortion and gap in the carbon layer texture. [16][17][18] Moreover, the Si@MCMB composites showed an ordered carbon layer texture and abundant void space, which may provide efficient transport channels for electrons and lithium ions and accommodate the volume change of Si. 19,20 As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Structural Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the soft carbon microstructure in silicon/carbon anodes for superior lithium storage

Liu

et al. 2022

RSC Adv.

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“…[9][10][11][12] Mesophase pitch (MP) consists of a combination of diverse pancake-shaped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and can be prepared by condensation reaction of heavy oils such as petroleum pitch, coal tar oil, and aromatic compounds. [13,14] MP is an exceptionally promising precursor for the HPC on account of its easy graphitization, high carbonization rate, and high conductivity. [15][16][17] The existing techniques employed in the activation of pitchbased PC primarily consist of physical and chemical methods, both of which have the potential to significantly augment the material's porosity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While biomass does possess certain beneficial attributes, including cost‐effectiveness and environmental sustainability, it typically demonstrates a comparatively slower rate of carbonization [9–12] . Mesophase pitch (MP) consists of a combination of diverse pancake‐shaped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and can be prepared by condensation reaction of heavy oils such as petroleum pitch, coal tar oil, and aromatic compounds [13,14] . MP is an exceptionally promising precursor for the HPC on account of its easy graphitization, high carbonization rate, and high conductivity [15–17] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One‐Step Preparation Pitch‐Based Porous Carbon via Carbonization and Co‐Activation for High‐Performance Supercapacitors

Tian,

Zhou,

Yuan

et al. 2024

ChemistrySelect

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Hierarchical porous carbon (HPC) materials for supercapacitor (SC) application are synthesized via a one‐step carbonization and activation method, using a novel composite activating agent with synergistic activation effect from mesophase pitch (MP) as precursor. The prepared mesophase pitch‐based porous carbon (MPPC) exhibits an ultra‐high specific surface area (SSA) of 2955.0 m2 g−1, well‐controlled pore size distribution (PSD), and exceptional electrochemical performance. The specific capacitance of MPPC‐4 attains up to 338.1 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and 250.1 F g−1 at 20 A g−1, demonstrating remarkable rate capability. Furthermore, the assembled symmetric SC achieves a high energy density of 29.83 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 999.93 W kg−1 and still maintains 6.56 Wh kg−1 at a high power density of 19.89 kW kg−1. Furthermore, the SC exhibits advantageous cyclic stability, as evidenced by its remarkable capacitance retention rate of 88.55 % even after 5000 cycles. The utilization of this novel composite activating agent in the synthesis of pitch‐derived porous carbon (PC) electrode materials is an exceptionally effective and inventive process.

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Coalescence of mesophase spheres and microstructure of graphitic carbon revealed by scanning electron microscopy

Cited by 8 publications

References 45 publications

Hydrothermal carbonization of fructose—effect of salts and reactor stirring on the growth and formation of carbon spheres

Hydrothermal carbonization of fructose—effect of salts and reactor stirring on the growth and formation of carbon spheres

Investigation of the soft carbon microstructure in silicon/carbon anodes for superior lithium storage

One‐Step Preparation Pitch‐Based Porous Carbon via Carbonization and Co‐Activation for High‐Performance Supercapacitors

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