Coal Tar Phototoxicity: Active Compounds and Action Spectra*

Kochevar, Irene E.; Armstrong, R. B.; Einbinder, Julia M.; Walther, Robert R.; Harber, Leonard C.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1982.tb04341.x

Cited by 57 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Rates were corrected for differing relative photoabsorption by ferrioxalate chemical actinometry (Calvert and Pitts, 1966) with each photosensitizer at the same concentration in CTAB. Similar correction ratios were obtained by the alternative method using the absorption characteristics of each compound and the output wavelengths and intensity of the medium-pressure mercury light source (Kochevar et al, 1982).…”

Section: Other Polycyclic Aromatic and Aza-aromatic Hydrocarbonssupporting

confidence: 52%

PHOTOCHEMICAL SENSITIZATION BY 7‐METHYLBENZ[c]ACRIDINE AND RELATED COMPOUNDS

Burt¹,

Moore²

1987

Photochem & Photobiology

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Abstract. The carcinogenic environmental contaminant, 7‐methylbenz[c]acridine (7MBAC), generates singlet oxygen in high yield when irradiated with near‐UV light. The photophysical and photochemical properties are reported for 7MBAC and several related acridine, anthracene and benzanthracene derivatives in aqueous surfactant solutions and in methanol. Singlet oxygen production was assessed by measuring the rates of oxygen uptake in irradiated solutions containing oxidizable substrates, such as 2,5‐dimethylfuran or histidine. Relative yields of free radical production from the irradiated sensitizers were determined by the initiation of free radical polymerization of acrylamide.

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Section: Other Polycyclic Aromatic and Aza-aromatic Hydrocarbonssupporting

confidence: 52%

PHOTOCHEMICAL SENSITIZATION BY 7‐METHYLBENZ[c]ACRIDINE AND RELATED COMPOUNDS

Burt¹,

Moore²

1987

Photochem & Photobiology

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“…1). Fluoranthene does not absorb at these wavelengths [39] so these should not have caused a PAH-induced phototoxic effect but the presence of these wavelengths could induce the production of reactive oxygen species that account for some of the bleaching and deaths.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Photoinduced toxicity of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, fluoranthene, on the coral, Porites divaricata

Martínez

Romero

Banaszak

2007

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A

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The synergistic effect of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) was tested on the coral Porites divaricata. Small branches were incubated in different concentrations of fluoranthene followed by exposure to ecologically relevant levels of natural solar radiation, with and without UVR. Exposure to the highest concentration of fluoranthene (60 microg L(- 1)) resulted in decreased photochemical efficiency of corals exposed concomitantly to UVR but not in corals exposed to 60 microg L(- 1) fluoranthene without UVR. After 6 days, most coral samples that were exposed to fluoranthene and UVR bleached or died (78%) on the upper side of the branches. At 60 microg L(- 1) fluoranthene with UVR, 11 out of 12 samples died and the remaining sample bleached, much greater than the number of samples that bleached in manipulation or solvent controls. On the under side of the same samples, where the coral polyps are naturally protected from UVR, 11 out of 12 samples remained healthy and intact. The high UVR doses that shallow water dwelling corals receive combined with the results of this study show that photoinduced toxicity of PAHs is a stress factor that needs to be studied in more detail in coral reef ecosystems.

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“…These previously reported UV‐A and UV‐B attenuation coefficients were mistakenly reversed and are actually in close agreement with the current work. Nevertheless, because UV‐A has been identified as the most probable active radiation component involved in the phototoxicity of PAHs [37], this selective absorbance and rapid attenuation will play a significant role in mitigating photoinduced toxicity in natural systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humic acids reduce the bioaccumulation and photoinduced toxicity of fluoranthene to fish

Weinstein

Oris

1999

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The effects of dissolved humic materials (DHM) on the photoinduced toxicity of fluoranthene to juvenile fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were studied in single‐treatment evaluations in a laboratory system under simulated sunlight (UV‐A = 140.2 ± 2.6 μW/cm2, UV‐B = 6.40 ± 0.21 μW/cm2) (mean ± SE). Five concentrations of fluoranthene (0, 4.8, 9.7, 16.4, and 34.0 μg/L) and five concentrations of DHM (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mg C/L) were achieved. The presence of DHM reduced the acute photoinduced toxicity of fluoranthene. Regression analysis revealed that median lethal times (LT50) were directly related to DHM concentration and inversely related to fluoranthene water concentration. The presence of DHM also reduced fluoranthene bioaccumulation, and LT50 values were inversely related to fluoranthene body residues. These findings demonstrate that (1) the photoinduced toxicity of fluoranthene (like other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) is dependent on body residue and (2) sitespecific environmental parameters that affect uptake and/or elimination can determine the rates of mortality due to photoinduced toxicity.

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Coal Tar Phototoxicity: Active Compounds and Action Spectra*

Cited by 57 publications

References 11 publications

PHOTOCHEMICAL SENSITIZATION BY 7‐METHYLBENZ[c]ACRIDINE AND RELATED COMPOUNDS

PHOTOCHEMICAL SENSITIZATION BY 7‐METHYLBENZ[c]ACRIDINE AND RELATED COMPOUNDS

Photoinduced toxicity of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, fluoranthene, on the coral, Porites divaricata

Humic acids reduce the bioaccumulation and photoinduced toxicity of fluoranthene to fish

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