Humic acids reduce the bioaccumulation and photoinduced toxicity of fluoranthene to fish

Abstract

The effects of dissolved humic materials (DHM) on the photoinduced toxicity of fluoranthene to juvenile fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were studied in single‐treatment evaluations in a laboratory system under simulated sunlight (UV‐A = 140.2 ± 2.6 μW/cm2, UV‐B = 6.40 ± 0.21 μW/cm2) (mean ± SE). Five concentrations of fluoranthene (0, 4.8, 9.7, 16.4, and 34.0 μg/L) and five concentrations of DHM (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mg C/L) were achieved. The presence of DHM reduced the acute photoinduced toxicity of fluoranthene. Regression analysis revealed that median lethal times (LT50) were directly related to DHM concentration and inversely related to fluoranthene water concentration. The presence of DHM also reduced fluoranthene bioaccumulation, and LT50 values were inversely related to fluoranthene body residues. These findings demonstrate that (1) the photoinduced toxicity of fluoranthene (like other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) is dependent on body residue and (2) sitespecific environmental parameters that affect uptake and/or elimination can determine the rates of mortality due to photoinduced toxicity.

Phototoxicity of Anthracene and Pyrene to Glochidia of the Freshwater Mussel Utterbackia Imbecillis

“…These lamps have a spectral distribution very similar to that of natural sunlight [26]. These lamps have a spectral distribution very similar to that of natural sunlight [26].…”

“…Exposure to UV radiation in aquatic systems can be attenuated by suspended inorganic particulate material [5], dissolved humic substances [26], and algae [34]. Exposure to UV radiation in aquatic systems can be attenuated by suspended inorganic particulate material [5], dissolved humic substances [26], and algae [34].…”

Differential tolerance of native and nonnative fish exposed to ultraviolet radiation and fluoranthene in Lake Tahoe (California/Nevada), USA

“…Fossil fuel combustion is a major source of PAHs in the environment [16]. Combined exposure to UVR and certain PAHs has been shown to increase the formation of reactive oxygen species and subsequent oxidative stress in fish [15,[17][18][19][20]. Combined exposure to UVR and certain PAHs has been shown to increase the formation of reactive oxygen species and subsequent oxidative stress in fish [15,[17][18][19][20].…”

Detoxication of Solutions of Organic Oxidants by Humic Substances: Bioluminescence Monitoring

“…Today, more and more data on the ability of humic substances to decrease the detrimental influence of toxicants appear [1,2]. Earlier, the effect of detoxication was studied using classic test systems, such as fish, algae, crustaceans, and plants [2][3][4][5][6].However, despite the long-term experience of studying the properties of humic substances, the question on the mechanism of the detoxicating effect of humic substances remains open. It was assumed that the detoxicating properties of humic substances are determined by their ability to reduce oxidants.…”

“…Today, more and more data on the ability of humic substances to decrease the detrimental influence of toxicants appear [1,2]. Earlier, the effect of detoxication was studied using classic test systems, such as fish, algae, crustaceans, and plants [2][3][4][5][6].…”