The removal rate
of minerals and 17 trace elements during coal
cleaning, as well as their cleaning potential, were investigated based
on selection of washing products from three coal washeries and raw
coal samples. The petrological, mineralogical, and chemical characteristics
of the samples were investigated using an optical microscope, a scanning
electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and
an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The minerals derived
from raw and clean coals of the Fenghuang (FH), Huangling (HL), and
Gaoyang (GY) coal mines consisted mainly of clay minerals and pyrite.
Pyrite and clay minerals occurred in five main forms; moreover, we
observed three different types of pyrite and four types of clay mineral
dissemination. Depending on the type of dissemination, the removal
of these minerals can be more or less difficult to achieve. The removal
rate of trace elements from the clean coals of FH and HL is >70%
and
it increases with decreasing coal particle size. In addition, the
removal rate of trace elements from the clean coals of GY is low.
FH and GY belong to a marine peat flat coal-forming environment, while
HL belongs to a terrestrial mire coal-forming environment. This environmental
difference explains the varying removal efficiency of mineral matter
during coal cleaning.