Coal, nuclear and renewable energy policies in Germany: From the 1950s to the “Energiewende”

Renn, Ortwin; Marshall, Jonathan

doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2016.05.004

Cited by 221 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

145

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…There is no specialized energy management department in Germany. The Ministry of traffic, construction and urban supervises the building energy conservation and other issues [76]. In Japan, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry is in charge of energy management, and the functional departments are in charge of specific building energy conservation affairs [77].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of Building Energy Conservation in China: A Review and Critical Assessment from the Perspective of Policy and Institutional System

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:The rapid development of the building industry has become an important driving force for the fast growing energy use in China. The building industry contributed 26.4% of China's GDP, and the building energy use accounted for 33% of the total energy use in China. Building energy conservation plays an important role in reaching the peak of carbon emissions before 2030, which was committed by the Chinese government in the Paris Agreement. Building energy conservation is a complex system. The guidance and support of government policies are one of the important issues. This research analyzed the institutional framework for building energy conservation in China. The roles and functions of each institution were critically reviewed. The policy system for building energy conservation was also analyzed, which included National Laws; Regulations of the State Council; Provisions of Ministries under the State Council; and National Standards, Plans and Programs. The suggestions for further improvements were drawn from the critical analysis such as defining clear and specific responsibility of management institutions, improving regulations and standard system, establishing the market leading mechanism, etc. This research draws an overall picture of the building energy conservation in China from the policy and institutional perspective. Findings provide a useful reference for increasing environmental performance in the building industry.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of Building Energy Conservation in China: A Review and Critical Assessment from the Perspective of Policy and Institutional System

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Germany is categorised as the largest European energy market with the most ambitious energy transition "Energiewende" to renewable energies, thus the share of renewable energy production has increased dramatically from 17% to 28% between June 2011 and 2015 [97]. Germany's carbon emissions rose slightly in 2015 after years of decline because it is forcing conventional power plants to keep operating even if there is a sufficient amount of renewable energy capable of supplying nearly all of the demand to deal with its variability in generation output, which leads the country to generate more electricity than it needs [98].…”

Section: Germanymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Technical Challenges Facing the Integration of Small-Scale and Large-scale PV Systems into the Grid: A Critical Review

Alshahrani

Omer

et al. 2019

Electronics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Decarbonisation, energy security and expanding energy access are the main driving forces behind the worldwide increasing attention in renewable energy. This paper focuses on the solar photovoltaic (PV) technology because, currently, it has the most attention in the energy sector due to the sharp drop in the solar PV system cost, which was one of the main barriers of PV large-scale deployment. Firstly, this paper extensively reviews the technical challenges, potential technical solutions and the research carried out in integrating high shares of small-scale PV systems into the distribution network of the grid in order to give a clearer picture of the impact since most of the PV systems installations were at small scales and connected into the distribution network. The paper reviews the localised technical challenges, grid stability challenges and technical solutions on integrating large-scale PV systems into the transmission network of the grid. In addition, the current practices for managing the variability of large-scale PV systems by the grid operators are discussed. Finally, this paper concludes by summarising the critical technical aspects facing the integration of the PV system depending on their size into the grid, in which it provides a strong point of reference and a useful framework for the researchers planning to exploit this field further on.

show abstract

“…Combined heat and power (CHP) generation has been widely adopted because of the reduction of energy losses and environmental benefits . In the countries treating coal as the main energy source, such as China and Germany, coal‐based CHP plants have been highly developed along with the sharp increase of heat and power demand . In recent years, with the rapid development of renewable energy sources, CHP plants are encouraged to enhance operational flexibility to reduce the renewables curtailment, including extending the load range and reducing the start‐up time .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nomenclature Abbreviation: CCS, coordinate control system; CHP, combined heat and power; DEA, deaerator; DH, district heating; DW, drainage water; EPC, exterior-protected construction; EV, extraction valve; HDHN, heater for DH network; HSSE, heat supply steam extraction; IPST, intermediatepressure steam turbine; LPST, low-pressure steam turbine; LV, low-pressure cylinder valve; PCW, primary circulating water; RE, relative error; RH, regenerative heater; SCW, secondary circulating water; TES, thermal energy storage; THA, turbine heat acceptance Symbols: A, area of heat supply service, m 2 ; f , frictional resistance, Pa/m; F , equivalent heat transfer area, m 2 ; H, average height of a floor, m; i, coefficient; k, average proportion; K, heat transfer coefficient, kW/(m 2 ·K); m, mass flow, kg/s; M, mass, kg; N, delivery distance, km; P, generated power, MW; q, heating load rate; r, variation rate; η, efficiency; v, average velocity, km/h; ξ, heat loss rate, %; ϑ HSSE , coefficient indicating the generated power variation caused by each unit of HSSE mass flow variation, MW/(t/h) Subscripts: abs, absorbed heat; cwd, circulating water delivery process; diss, heat dissipation; HU, heat users; id, indoor; od, outdoor; r, reference condition; rel, released heat; sub, substation 1 | INTRODUCTION Combined heat and power (CHP) generation has been widely adopted because of the reduction of energy losses and environmental benefits. 1,2 In the countries treating coal as the main energy source, such as China [3][4][5] and Germany, 6 coal-based CHP plants have been highly developed along with the sharp increase of heat and power demand. 7,8 In recent years, with the rapid development of renewable energy sources, CHP plants are encouraged to enhance operational flexibility to reduce the renewables curtailment, including extending the load range [9][10][11] and reducing the start-up time.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive thermodynamic analysis of load‐flexible CHP plants using district heating network

Sun

Cheng

et al. 2019

Int J Energy Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary Because of the rapid expansion of intermittent renewable energy, conventional coal‐fired power plants, including combined heat and power (CHP) plants, are required to improve the quick‐response ability to respond the changing demand of the grid. However, the flexibility of CHP plants is not easy to be improved because of the restriction of traditional load variation mechanism. This work presents a comprehensive thermodynamic analysis on the flexibility‐improving scheme using the thermal energy storage (TES) capacity of district heating (DH) network. A typical CHP plant and related DH network were selected as a case study. The flexibility demand under the context of renewables accommodation in the short timescale (counted by minutes) and the operational characteristics of CHP plants were analyzed on the basis of experimental data and thermodynamics. Besides, the influence of heat supply adjustment on heat users' indoor temperature was quantified with a dynamic model, and the thermal inertia of the DH network is discussed. Moreover, a thermodynamic model for the load variation processes simplified with operational characteristics was established to analyze the response ability improvement of CHP plants. Results of the case study show, the scheme can shorten approximately 34% of the response time while almost have no influence on the indoor temperature of heat users.

show abstract

Coal, nuclear and renewable energy policies in Germany: From the 1950s to the “Energiewende”

Cited by 221 publications

References 6 publications

The Development of Building Energy Conservation in China: A Review and Critical Assessment from the Perspective of Policy and Institutional System

The Development of Building Energy Conservation in China: A Review and Critical Assessment from the Perspective of Policy and Institutional System

The Technical Challenges Facing the Integration of Small-Scale and Large-scale PV Systems into the Grid: A Critical Review

A comprehensive thermodynamic analysis of load‐flexible CHP plants using district heating network

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About