Coagulation Bath‐Assisted 3D Printing of PEDOT:PSS with High Resolution and Strong Substrate Adhesion for Bioelectronic Devices

Zheng, Yanbing; Wang, Yangdong; Zhang, Fan; Zhang, Shaomin; Piatkevich, Kiryl D.; Zhou, Nanjia; Pokorski, Jonathan K.

doi:10.1002/admt.202101514

Cited by 18 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…3D printing of conductive ink has been investigated to fabricate 3D structured electrodes for various applications, such as bioelectronics, , energy devices, , or flexible electronics . For these applications, 3D electrodes are expected to have both large electrochemical surface area and high electrical conductivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, the desired applied pressure and the nozzle traveling speed are selected which agreed with previous 3D printing studies (Table ). ,,,, In this study, 200 μm of extrusion nozzle was selected to obtain sufficient fiber diameter for electrical conductivity; hence, 60 kPa of pressure and 20 mm/s of nozzle speed were chosen accordingly for precise electrode fabrication. Moreover, 0.6 mm of gap distance and the 10-layer structure were selected for a larger electrochemical surface area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D Printing of Thylakoid-PEDOT:PSS Composite Electrode for Bio-Photoelectrochemical Cells

Kim

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Thylakoid membranes (TMs) isolated from plant cells produce high-energy electrons by splitting water molecules using solar energy during photosynthesis. Since those photosynthetic electrons (PEs) can be harvested by oxidizing TMs, various approaches to attach TMs on electrodes have been investigated so far. Here, we propose embedding of TMs in the electrically conductive polymeric structure using 3D printing. A photosynthetic and electrically conductive ink based on a mixture ink of TMs and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) was developed and 3D printed as lattice structures. This approach allows for more stable physical and electrochemical interfacing between TMs and the conductive polymer. Furthermore, free-form 3D structures, which can harvest PEs, can be constructed by 3D printing. 3D printing conditions for the TM/PEDOT:PSS inks were optimized, and 3D printed lattice electrodes with different geometries were analyzed in terms of light absorption and PE extraction. We found out that TM-embedded offset-stack lattice electrodes generated the highest PE current density of 70.6 μA/cm2. A bio-photoelectrochemical cell based on the TM-embedded offset-stack lattice generated a short-circuit current density of 0.57 mA/cm2 and a maximum power density of 101.7 μW/cm2.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printing of Thylakoid-PEDOT:PSS Composite Electrode for Bio-Photoelectrochemical Cells

Kim

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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“…Reproduced with permission. [ 37 ] Copyright 2022, Wiley‐VCH. L) A nanocomposite hydrogel scaffolds with enhanced mechanical behavior (due to in situ precipitation of inorganic particles) (i) and a neonatal scale human heart (from collagen ink) (ii) printed in associative embedded 3D printing platforms within a gelatin support bath and cured through interaction with the gelling components in the bath.…”

Section: Different Materials Systems In Associative Liquid‐in‐liquid ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In another printing methodology with polymer systems, the coagulation of polyelectrolytes has been used to generate complex constructs. [ 37,38 ] Gratson et al. developed an ink containing concentrated polyelectrolyte complexes composed of polyanions (polyacrylic acid, PAA) and polycations (polyethylenimine, PEI, or polyallylamine hydrochloride, PAH).…”

Section: Different Materials Systems In Associative Liquid‐in‐liquid ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Associative Liquid‐In‐Liquid 3D Printing Techniques for Freeform Fabrication of Soft Matter

Honaryar

Amirfattahi

Niroobakhsh

2023

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processing, and enable numerous inks to be utilized within the same printed construct. However, most soft materials are not widely applicable to such traditional ink-based 3D printing techniques, specifically when necessary physicochemical properties such as certain rheological behavior and crosslinking mechanisms are lacking. Complementary to the ink-based printing approaches described above, the light-based 3D printing modalities, also known as vat polymerization-based 3D printing, are the other technology in place for soft materials in which a photocurable liquid resin stored in a vat (tank) is treated layer-by-layer with either visible or UV light. [7] Typical light-based 3D printing techniques for soft matter include stereolithography, digital light processing, continuous liquid interface production, and two-photon polymerization. [1,7] Despite the superior printing resolution, accuracy, speed, and the freedom to print very complex and delicate parts, the light-based printing techniques suffer from several drawbacks including a limited selection of processable photocurable resins and challenges in realizing multimaterial 3D printing in a single build process. Furthermore, using ink-or light-based printing modalities, it is challenging, if not impossible, to shape soft matters into freeform complex 3D designs, in which the printing can be performed in an omnidirectional manner (not limited to layer-by-layer patterning). Freeform 3D printing removes restrictions on structural complexity, allowing overhanging parts, internal void spaces, and disconnected features to be created. Thus, to overcome the inherent difficulties associated with printing soft matter discussed above and to enable freeform fabrication from an ever-broadening palette of soft materials, liquid-in-liquid 3D printing (LL3DP) approach has emerged as a new class of 3D printing techniques. [8][9][10][11]15,16,22] The LL3DP approaches fall under the category of ink-based 3D printing (Figure 1) since the printing materials (that make up the final part) are printed in the form of an ink as opposed to light-based (vat polymerization-based) 3D printing in which the printing materials are contained in a vat and cured selectively. In LL3DP techniques, while the translation stage moves according to a 3D design, the ink phase is extruded into a meticulously selected second bath phase. [8][9][10][11] The extrusion of the ink within the bath phase prevents the print collapse and ensures the shape fidelity, structural integrity, and necessary feature resolution of the final constructs. [8][9][10][11] By adopting such printing approaches, freeform fabrication Shaping soft materials into prescribed 3D complex designs has been challenging yet feasible using various 3D printing technologies. For a broader range of soft matters to be printable, liquid-in-liquid 3D printing techniques have emerged in which an ink phase is printed into 3D constructs within a bath. Most of the attention in this field has been focused on using a support bath with favorable rheology ...

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“…Additive methods make it possible to form microelectrodes and other bioelectric structures from a wide range of biocompatible materials. EHD printing, [260,261] IJP, [262,263] the multiphoton lithography method, [264,265] and LIFT [266] are used for the production of electronic biohybrid systems.…”

Section: Bioelectronic Hybrid Systems: Electrode Integration For the ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printed Biohybrid Microsystems

Prinz

Fritzler

2022

Adv Materials Technologies

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are not able to fully meet the challenges related to the creation of such systems. A number of methods are known that make it possible to form 3D structures, for example, Rolling-Up technology and imprint lithography. [1][2][3][4] However, a rather short list of materials that can be used in such technologies and a too narrow range of 3D shapes that can be fabricated using these methods seriously limit the application fields of the techniques. It seems that additive manufacturing (AM) technology, or 3D printing, presents a much more universal and promising technological approach in this field. AM technology is the process of forming structures and devices by layer-by-layer (or pointby-point) application of materials in accordance with a 3D digital computer aided design (CAD) model. [5] The results of recent years convincingly show that the rapidly progressing AM technology, which uses the widest range of materials, including biological ones, has become the technological basis and the driving force of new breakthrough fields, including biology and medicine. [6,7] The purpose of our review is to analyze the role and achievements of 3D micro-and nanoprinting in the development of one of the most advanced fields, biohybrid systems (BHS), formed by the integration of at least one biological component with at least one artificial element. In the creation of such systems, the desire was manifested to combine the unique capabilities of living biosystems, having been perfected during the millions of years of evolution, with the functionality of artificially made structures. This integration leads to a synergistic effect and significantly expands the capabilities of the devices being created, which are in demand in various fields, primarily in biology and medicine. This review by no means aims to provide an exhaustive picture of the entire field of biohybrid materials and structures; instead, it is devoted to the consideration of smart biohybrid microsystems. These are complex multifunctional devices that allow recording the biophysical and biochemical parameters of biological objects and exerting active control on those parameters for treatment or research. [8][9][10][11][12][13] The functionality of such systems is provided by micro-and nanotools, for the production of which high-resolution additive methods are used. These are various optical, electronic, mechanical microand nanostructures that are used as activators, capsules for transporting cells or active substances, elements of microfluidic systems, sensors, microelectrode arrays, etc. The review addresses the formation and integration of such structures into smart biohybrid microsystems. The review outlines the most This review is devoted to the role of 3D printing in the development of a new high-tech field, smart biohybrid microsystems. The motivation behind the development of this field is the intention to integrate the capabilities of biological systems optimized in the course of evolution with the achievements of modern methods of forming micro-and nanostructu...

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Coagulation Bath‐Assisted 3D Printing of PEDOT:PSS with High Resolution and Strong Substrate Adhesion for Bioelectronic Devices

Cited by 18 publications

References 60 publications

3D Printing of Thylakoid-PEDOT:PSS Composite Electrode for Bio-Photoelectrochemical Cells

3D Printing of Thylakoid-PEDOT:PSS Composite Electrode for Bio-Photoelectrochemical Cells

Associative Liquid‐In‐Liquid 3D Printing Techniques for Freeform Fabrication of Soft Matter

3D Printed Biohybrid Microsystems

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