Coagulation and Fibrinolysis are in Balance After Moderate Exercise in Middle-aged Participants

Abstract

Increased age is associated with a higher risk of thrombotic events. The aim of this study was to investigate the age-related changes in hemostasis before and after moderate exercise controlled by individual anaerobic threshold as recommended for rehabilitation training. In this study, 24 young (25 + 1 years) and 24 middle-aged healthy nonsmokers (48 + 1 years) underwent an individualized exercise test with 80% of individual anaerobic threshold (young individuals: 127 + 6 W; middle-aged individuals: 128 + 5 W; values are expressed as mean + standard error of mean) for 60 minutes. The blood samples were collected before and after the exercise. The age-related higher (P .05) levels could be detected in factors II, VII, VIII, IX, XI, XII, prothrombin fragment 1þ2, in tissue plasminogen activator antigen and activity, as well as in plasminogen. The relative exercise-induced increases in these parameters were similar in both groups, although beginning at a higher level for those in the middle-aged group. A statistically enhanced increase after exercise in the middle-aged group could be shown in prothrombin fragment 1þ2 (young individuals: 98 + 6 to 102 + 6 pmol/L; middle-aged individuals: 138 + 7 to 156 + 8 pmol/L) and in thrombin-antithrombin complex (young individuals: 2.2 + 0.1 to 3.1 + 0.2 mg/L; middle-aged individuals: 2.4 + 0.3 to 3.9 + 0.6 mg/L); the latter only showing a tendency. The data show the age-related changes with a rise in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in a healthy middle-aged group compared with younger participants. Moderate exercise leads to comparably relative increases in hemostatic parameters but starting at higher levels. However, the exercise-induced thrombin generation (prothrombin fragment 1þ2) is enhanced in the middle-aged participants in comparison with younger participants, but may be compensated by a sufficient fibrinolysis, and therefore the hemostatic system remains in balance.

The Effect of Acute Training and Circadian Rhythm on Blood Hemostasis in Female Athletes

“…Study of the effect of the acute exhausting aerobic training in the morning and evening showed a significant difference between the thromboplastin time in the morning and in the evening. These findings are compatible with the results of many researchers, such as Menzel and Hilberg and Lekakis et al 6,7 In this study, a significant reduction was observed in the thromboplastin time in two exercise times (morning and evening) which was similar to the findings of Peat et al 4 and Lekakis et al 7 The reduction of thromboplastin time was significantly higher in the morning than in the evening. Thromboplastin time is an indicator of coagulation that is much slower than PT and its mechanism begins with the damage of blood vessels and contact with collagen.…”

“…Therefore, the activity of endothelial cells caused by stress probably causes an increase in the Von Willebrand factor, which is also secondary to the increased levels of factor VIII, and ultimately decreases thromboplastin time. 6,7 Thromboplastin time reduction is likely to increase the risk of inappropriate blood clotting, such as thromboembolism. Given that the normal value of thromboplastin time is 25 to 39 seconds, exercising in the morning and evening is not considered a risk factor for athletes.…”

“…4 Menzel and Hilberg investigated the effect of one aerobic training session in young and middle-aged men, and reported a significant reduction in aPTT and no change in prothrombin time (PT). 6 Lekakis et al demonstrated that a single session of aerobic exercise in patients with high blood pressure was associated with an increase …”

Release of pro-coagulant microparticles after moderate endurance exercise

“…Moderate exercise in young as well as middleaged, healthy subjects has been shown to activate coagulation [16,17]. Our data on MP and their procoagulant activity after moderate exercise may support the phenomenon of an exercise-induced increase in the haemostatic potential.…”

Diurnal Variation of Haemostatic Response to Exercise in Young Sedentary Males

“…Decreased fibrinolytic activity has been associated with an increased risk of arterial thrombosis [20]. Increased tPA activity after exercise [19, 28], returning quickly to baseline values during recovery, have been reported previously [13]. The processes responsible for the increase in fibrinolytic potential during exercise may comprise an increase in the release of tPA from vascular endothelium as well as a reduction in the clearance by the liver due to reductions in liver blood flow [28, 31].…”