Coagulase-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus circulating in clinical mastitic goats in Bangladesh

Abstract

<jats:p>Background and Aim: Staphylococcus aureus is argued as one of the principal organisms responsible for mammary gland infection in lactating goats, causing both clinical and subclinical mastitis. Being highly zoonotic potential, pathogen emergence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has a significant clinical impact on treatment and management of clinical mastitis. We conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate the prevalence of coagulase-positive S. aureus (CoPS), antimicrobial resistance profile of Staphylococcus spp., prevalence of MRSA, and association between different clinical parameters with CoPS. Materials and Methods: A total of 67 clinical mastitic goats were sampled based on clinical examination and California mastitis test. Standard bacteriological methods were performed to isolate and identify Staphylococcus spp. CoPS were confirmed by nuc gene using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All staphylococcal isolates were further examined for antimicrobial susceptibility testing by disk diffusion method. MRSA was confirmed based on mecA gene-based PCR. Results: Here, 49 (73.13%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 61.41-82.35) samples were positive for Staphylococcus spp., of which 17 (34.69%; 95% CI, 22.88-48.73) isolates were CoPS and rest of the isolates (32; 65.30%; 95% CI, 51.27-77.12) were identified as coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. (coagulase-negative staphylococci [CNS]). Both, CoPS and CNS isolates displayed the highest resistance against tetracycline (76.47% and 75%, respectively) and oxacillin (70.58% and 68.75%, respectively). Notably, all staphylococcal isolates were multidrug-resistant (showed resistance to ≥3 classes of antimicrobials). mecA gene was found in 6 (8.96%; 95% CI, 3.84-18.52) CoPS isolates indicating MRSA strains. Among different clinical parameters, presence of high body temperature (p&lt;0.05), firm udder consistency (p&lt;0.01), bloodstained milk (p&lt;0.00), and pus in milk (p&lt;0.00) were significantly associated with the presence of CoPS in mastitic caprine milk. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of MRSA isolated from clinical caprine mastitis cases in Bangladesh. The findings of this study would help in cautious selection as well as administration of antimicrobials for therapeutic management of mastitic goats.</jats:p>

Frequently used therapeutic antimicrobials and their resistance patterns on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in mastitis affected lactating cows

“…California Mastitis Test was performed for the screening of sub-clinical mastitis in each individual cow. The test was performed according to the protocol described by Rana et al [ 13 ]. Briefly, 2 mL of milk was taken from individual quarters of tested cows in each well of CMT paddles, and equal amounts of CMT reagents were added.…”

Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-associated subclinical mastitis isolated from dairy cows in Bogor, Indonesia

“…However, a lower rate (2%) of LA MRSA was observed from raw goat milk samples from the same country, Malaysia [25]. In Bangladesh, the prevalence of MRSA was 8.96% in clinical caprine mastitis cases [26].…”

Isolation of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. from dogs in Chattogram Metropolitan Area, Bangladesh

“…The suspective positive colonies were identified based on the colony characteristics on the MSA. The suspected bright yellow positive colonies were then subcultured onto the blood agar and incubated at 37°C for 24 h to detect characteristics appearance on the blood agar and the hemolytic properties of the organism [ 5 ]. Then, the organism was confirmed by the Gram stain properties ( Fig.…”

“…mainly remain dormant on the healthy skin of dogs. These bacteria are zoologically significant [ 5 ]. Streptococcus spp.…”