Coagulase Negative Staphylococci as an emerging cause of bovine mastitis: prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation

Abstract

Article info Coagulase negative Staphylococci are the most prevalent cause of bovine subclinical mastitis. The current study were designed to study their occurrence, antibiogram and their ability to form biofilms. A total number of 95 CNS isolates were recovered from 400 lactating. S. xylosus (36.84%), S. chromogenes (12.63%), S. epidermidis (10.53%), S. saprophyticus (8.42%), S. haemolyticus (7.38%) were the most common recovered species. Disk diffusion method against 14 antimicrobials discs was used to detect their antibiogram. 100% were sensitive to Imipenem, 96.84% were sensitive to Enrofloxacin, 85.26% to Chlramphenicol and 84.21% to Vancomycin. But, 95.79% were resistant to Ampicillin, 77.9% resistant to Cefoxitin, 35.8% resistant to Cefuroxime, 32.63% resistant to Amoxycillin and 18.95% resistant to Clindamycin. Cultivation on Congo Red Agar (CRA) was carried out to detect biofilm formation. 47.37% were positive and S. epidermidis was the most biofilm positive species on CRA by the percentage of 70%. Haemolysins were studied by cultivating CNS on sheep blood agar. 25.26% were β-haemolytic, 71.57% (n=68) were γhaemolytic and 3.15% were αhaemolytic.

Carvacrol Essential Oil: A Natural Antibiotic against Zoonotic Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus Species Isolated from Diseased Livestock and Humans

“…For the detection of biofilm in Staphylococci , CRA is adequate for routine use when run in parallel with PCR [ 31 , 32 ]. In this study, the isolates that were biofilm producers were consistent with the results found by El-Seedy et al [ 28 ]. Moreover, Bochniarz et al [ 12 ] observed a slime-producing ability in 54% of the recovered Staphylococci while higher values were recorded.…”

“…Radwan et al [25] reported relatively similar results but differed with regard to vancomycin resistance, which appeared in their animal isolates but not in those of human origin, and they also recorded a high rate of MDR Staphylococcus isolates of both animal and human origin while Schmidt et al [36] recorded a lower rate of MDR Staphylococcus isolates of animal and human origin. El-Seedy et al [28] and Abed et al [17] also reported the same pattern in SCM Staphylococcus isolates. Different resistance against specific antimicrobials in Staphylococcus isolates of both animal and human origin may be attributed to the overuse of these antimicrobials in veterinary and human medicine.…”

“…Staphylococci can produce many enzymes facilitating host tissues’ invasion and the spreading of the inflammatory process as well as the proteolytic enzymes and haemolysins which facilitate the uptake iron [ 28 ]. Staphylococci produce several haemolysins; alpha (α), beta (β), gamma (γ) and delta (δ), which are cytolytic exotoxins invading the host cell and degrading the cell membrane of erythrocytes, thus facilitating Staphylococci access to iron—specifically iron within haemoglobin [ 29 ].…”

“…Moraveji et al [ 29 ] recorded haemolytic activity in 60 and 90% of bovine and human Staphylococcus isolates, respectively. Slime production and the ability of surfaces’ adherence to facilitate the biofilm formation is an important factor responsible for staphylococcal pathogenicity and intramammary survival [ 28 ]. Additionally, biofilms decrease antimicrobial susceptibility and impede antimicrobial therapy [ 30 ].…”

Intercurrence between bovine leukosis virus infection and mastitis in dairy cattle

“…Several studies also showed the high rates of CNS isolation in dairy cattle herds (Ruiz et al, 2011;Saab et al, 2014;Xu, Tan, Zhang, Xia, & Sun, 2015). These microorganisms have become the most common mastitis agents in many countries, and they have been considered as emerging bovine mastitis pathogens (Pyorala & Taponen, 2009;Supré et al, 2011;Mota et al, 2012;El-Seedy, Radwan, Hassan, & Shehata, 2017).…”