Coaches’ controlling interpersonal style and frustration of basic psychological needs in adolescent judokas

Abstract

The aim of the study was to analyse the relationships established between the different factors that make up coaches' controlling interpersonal style and frustration of basic psychological needs, as well as to identify the differences that may exist in terms of gender and training hours, and whether the latter may trigger these variables in adolescent judokas. A socio-demographic questionnaire, the Controlling Coach Behaviors Scale (CCBS) (Bartholomew, Ntoumanis & Thøgersen-Ntoumani, 2010), in its Spanish version (Castillo et al., 2014), was administered, as well as the Psychological Need Thwarting Scale (PNTS) (Bartholomew, Ntoumanis, Ryan & Thøgersen-Ntoumani, 2011), also in its Spanish version (Sicilia, Ferriz & Sáenz-Álvarez, 2013). The sample comprised 86 adolescent judokas, who had a federation licence and participated in regional competitions (M = 14.13; SD = 1.38). Descriptive and correlation analyses of all variables were performed. The Mann-Whitney U-test and the Kruskal-Wallis test were carried out, respectively, to analyse the differences in gender and training hours. The results showed a positive and significant correlation between all study variables. In addition, significant differences were found between genders in the control variable of use of rewards, and in the frustration variable of the basic psychological need of competence, depending on the judokas' training hours. These results suggest that controlling interpersonal styles influence the frustration of basic psychological needs of adolescent judokas, according to their gender or training hours.

Olympism in School and Competitive Anxiety: Its Influence on Participants and Their Perceptions

“…The results obtained in this work indicate that Mini Olympics participants manifest intermediate values in competitive anxiety, obtaining the highest values in worry, followed by somatic anxiety and distraction. These results are consistent with the scientific literature, as several authors indicate the predominance of worry over somatic anxiety and distraction (Núñez et al, 2020;Pulido et al, 2019;Ramis et al, 2013). Other authors also highlight the relevance of worry over the other two components of competitive anxiety, but emphasise the prevalence of somatic anxiety over distraction (Arnau et al, 2018;Borges et al, 2020;Bohórquez and Checa, 2017).…”

“…Thus, Morris et al (1981) defined competitive anxiety as the set of negative expectations and cognitive concerns about oneself, the situation at hand, or possible consequences. Likewise, anxiety cannot be understood as a unidimensional construct, as it represents a clear physical component (somatic anxiety) and a thinking component (cognitive anxiety) (Pérez-Cáceres et al, 2021;Pulido et al, 2019;Weinberg and Gould, 1995). The competitive anxiety model of Martens et al (1990), a reference model in the conceptualisation and analysis of child and youth competitive anxiety, differentiates between somatic and cognitive anxiety.…”

“…), and have an impact on their degree of anxiety (Anshel, 1995;Rice et al, 2019;Ruiz-Juan et al, 2016). Thus, the most widely addressed variables related to competitive anxiety are: age (Bohórquez and Checa, 2017;Ramis et al, 2015), gender (Grossbard et al, 2009;Parnabas, 2015;Pulido et al, 2019), and type of activity practised (Bohórquez and Checa, 2017;Núñez et al, 2020;Ramis et al, 2013), as well as other variables such as competitive level, group cohesion, and resilience (Arnau et al, 2018;Bohórquez and Checa, 2017;Pérez-Cáceres et al, 2021;Pulido et al, 2019;Ramis et al, 2015). Similarly, the scientific community has also taken account of the influence of sports and competitive practice of relatives, and athletes' tastes and/or competitive experience and their interaction with competitive anxiety (Bohórquez and Checa, 2017).…”

Evidence of the effect of winning or losing in levels of anger and anxiety in judo fighters

“…Sports practices and competitions are considered stressful situations for each of the people participating in them, due to the stress produced. Different negative states may arise in the competitors, anxiety is one of those that has been studied in the context of competition (Peña & Oreja, 2019;Pulido, Fuentes, & De la Vega, 2019;Strahler, Berndt, Kirschbaum, & Rohleder, 2010) since it appears before and during it and can adversely affect sports performance (Oliva & Hernandez-Pozo, 2009). In addition, anxiety has been considered as a physiological advantage that prepares the body for exercise, making energy available for the first moment of the competition (Fry, Schilling, Fleck, & Kraemer, 2011).…”