CO2-forced climate thresholds during the Phanerozoic

Royer, Dana L.

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2005.11.031

Cited by 507 publications

(302 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…These arid and semi-arid climate fluctuations during the Smithian Spathian interval were possibly related to the still prevailing elevated CO2 values caused by coeval episodic volcanic activity well after the emplacement of the Siberian Traps (Royer, 2006;Payne and Krump, 2007;Briihwiler et al, 2009). Carbon isotope excursions have been studied in detail in the last decade in different marine basins of the world and used for identification of drastic changes during the Olene kian and the transition to the Anisian (late Early Triassic-early Middle Triassic), where some large and short-lived fluctuations occurred (Galfetti et al, 2007a,b;Krystyn et al, 2007;Payne and Krump, 2007;Richoz et al, 2007;Briihwiler et al, 2009).…”

Section: Paleogeography and Climate Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentary evolution of the continental Early–Middle Triassic Cañizar Formation (Central Spain): Implications for life recovery after the Permian–Triassic crisis

López-Gómez

Galán-Abellán

Horra

et al. 2012

Sedimentary Geology

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The Permian-Triassic transition (P-T) was marked by important geochemical perturbations and the largest known life crisis. Consequences of this event, as oxygen-depleted conditions and the unusual behavior of the carbon cycle, were prolonged during the Early Triassic interval delaying the recovery of life in both ter restrial and marine ecosystems. Studies on Lower Triassic sediments of continental origin, as in the case of Western Europe, are especially problematic due to the scarcity of fossils and absence of precise dating. The The Cafiizar Fm. has been subdivided into six members (A-F) separated by seven (1-7) major bounding surfaces (MBS). These surfaces are well recognized laterally over hundred of km and they represent 10 4 _10 5 My. MBS-5 is considered to be of late Spathian age and it is a clear indication of tectonic activity, represented by a mild unconformity. This event represents a change in the sedimentary characteristics (reactivation) of the unit and from here to the top of the unit are found the first signals of biotic recovery, represented by tetrapod footprints, plants, roots and bioturbation. All of these characteristics and the esti mated age represented by the MBS-5 event permit this surface to be related to the coeval Hardegsen un conformity of Central-Western Europe. These first signals of biotic recovery can thus be related to an increased oxygen supply due to the new created paleogeographical corridors in the context of this tectonic activity. These biotic signals occurred 5 My after the Permian-Triassic limit crisis; a similar delay as oc curred in other coeval and neigh boring basins.

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Section: Paleogeography and Climate Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentary evolution of the continental Early–Middle Triassic Cañizar Formation (Central Spain): Implications for life recovery after the Permian–Triassic crisis

López-Gómez

Galán-Abellán

Horra

et al. 2012

Sedimentary Geology

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“…The CO 2 paleobarometer is also considered the most reliable provider of ½CO 2 atm estimates for times when ½CO 2 atm was significantly above modern values (11). The CO 2 paleobarometer suggests that ½CO 2 atm values exceeded 3,000 parts per million by volume (ppmV) during Permian (289-251 Ma) and Mesozoic (251-65 Ma) greenhouse climates (5,8,12). However, other ½CO 2 atm proxies, which are either considered to be less reliable at high ½CO 2 atm (stomatal index) or are newly developed and therefore less widely utilized (e.g., fossil bryophytes), typically result in ½CO 2 atm estimates for greenhouse climates that are much lower than estimates from soil carbonate (5, 6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many recent studies indicate that ½CO 2 atm has controlled or strongly amplified Phanerozoic (542 Ma-present) climate variations (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8) and therefore understanding the relationship between ½CO 2 atm and climate over geologic time provides crucial empirical constraints on the magnitude of future global warming (1,9). Estimates of Paleozoic and Mesozoic ½CO 2 atm are largely based on the soil carbonate CO 2 paleobarometer (10), which is the most temporally continuous proxy (indicator) for ½CO 2 atm over the past 400 million years.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric CO₂concentrations during ancient greenhouse climates were similar to those predicted for A.D. 2100

Breecker

Sharp²,

McFadden³

2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

189

125

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Quantifying atmospheric CO 2 concentrations (½CO 2 atm ) during Earth's ancient greenhouse episodes is essential for accurately predicting the response of future climate to elevated CO 2 levels. Empirical estimates of ½CO 2 atm during Paleozoic and Mesozoic greenhouse climates are based primarily on the carbon isotope composition of calcium carbonate in fossil soils. We report that greenhouse ½CO 2 atm have been significantly overestimated because previously assumed soil CO 2 concentrations during carbonate formation are too high. More accurate ½CO 2 atm , resulting from better constraints on soil CO 2 , indicate that large (1,000s of ppmV) fluctuations in ½CO 2 atm did not characterize ancient climates and that past greenhouse climates were accompanied by concentrations similar to those projected for A.D. 2100.The anthropogenically driven rise in ½CO 2 atm is well established (1) but its effect on future climate is less certain (2). Many recent studies indicate that ½CO 2 atm has controlled or strongly amplified Phanerozoic (542 Ma-present) climate variations (3-8) and therefore understanding the relationship between ½CO 2 atm and climate over geologic time provides crucial empirical constraints on the magnitude of future global warming (1, 9). Estimates of Paleozoic and Mesozoic ½CO 2 atm are largely based on the soil carbonate CO 2 paleobarometer (10), which is the most temporally continuous proxy (indicator) for ½CO 2 atm over the past 400 million years. The CO 2 paleobarometer is also considered the most reliable provider of ½CO 2 atm estimates for times when ½CO 2 atm was significantly above modern values (11). The CO 2 paleobarometer suggests that ½CO 2 atm values exceeded 3,000 parts per million by volume (ppmV) during Permian (289-251 Ma) and Mesozoic (251-65 Ma) greenhouse climates (5,8,12). However, other ½CO 2 atm proxies, which are either considered to be less reliable at high ½CO 2 atm (stomatal index) or are newly developed and therefore less widely utilized (e.g., fossil bryophytes), typically result in ½CO 2 atm estimates for greenhouse climates that are much lower than estimates from soil carbonate (5, 6). The large discrepancy among proxies can be interpreted two ways: 1) large (1,000s of ppmV) variations in ½CO 2 atm occurred over relatively short time periods (in certain cases shorter than the temporal resolution of the proxy records) throughout the Phanerozoic or 2) some of the proxy estimates are inaccurate. In this study we use data from modern soils and incorporate an improved understanding of pedogenic carbonate formation to recalibrate the CO 2 paleobarometer. We report that the most often quoted ½CO 2 atm values, those previously determined from pedogenic carbonate, are too high, and that paleo ½CO 2 atm values did not persist above 1,500 ppmV during the past 400 million years.Pedogenic (soil) carbonate (calcite, CaCO 3 ) forms in soils where potential evapotranspiration exceeds precipitation, typically in arid to subhumid regions that receive less than 100 cm of rain per year. Ca 2þ ...

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“…As it was shown by Royer (2006) and Ver ni ers et al (2008), the Si lu rian was an en vi ron men tally and faunally sta ble pe riod in the Earth his tory -a green house pe riod with a mod er ate lat i tu dinal cli mate gra di ent and im pov er ished ma rine fau nas slowly recov er ing from the end-Or do vi cian mass ex tinc tion. How ever, accord ing to Bickert et al (1997), Page et al (2007), Cramer and Saltzman (2007) and Calner (2008), the Si lu rian pe riod was a time in ter val of re peated global changes.…”

Section: Facies Pattern In Relation To Silurian Oceanography and Seamentioning

confidence: 88%

The Silurian of south-western margin of the East European Platform (Ukraine, Moldova and Romania): lithofacies and palaeoenvironments

Radkovets¹

2015

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1 In sti tute of Ge ol ogy and Geo chem is try of Com bus ti ble Min er als of the NAS of Ukraine, Naukova 3a, 79060 Lviv, Ukraine Radkovets, N., 2015. The Si lu rian of southwest ern mar gin of the East Eu ro pean Plat form (Ukraine, Moldova and Ro ma nia): lithofacies and palaeoenvironments. Geo log i cal Quar terly, 59 (1): 105-118, doi: 10.7306/gq.1211Si lu rian strata, stretch ing along the west ern mar gin of the East Eu ro pean Plat form from the Bal tic to the Black Sea, rep re sent a po ten tial tar get for both con ven tional and un con ven tional hy dro car bon ex plo ra tion. Dis tri bu tion of the black shale fa cies, pro spec tive for shale gas, and the reef fa cies, pro spec tive for oil, has been stud ied in re spect of palaeoenvironments. The Silu rian se quence has been in ves ti gated in the ter ri tory of Ukraine (Volyn-Podillyan Plate, Dobrogean Foredeep) and cor related with the data on Moldova and Ro ma nia (Moldovian Plat form). The oc cur rence of Si lu rian strata, their thick ness, and petrographic and lithological char ac ter is tics al lowed re con struct ing the dis tri bu tion of open-shelf, reef and la goonal fa cies. The reef fa cies mi grated dur ing the Wen lock-Mid dle Pridoli, shift ing to wards the open sea and back to wards the shore, and there fore has been termed a mi grat ing reef fa cies. Cor re spond ingly, the bound ary be tween the open-shelf and reef fa cies was shift ing. The fa cies dis tri bu tion was con trolled by the transgressive-re gres sive cy cles, which caused the fluc tu a tions of the shelf wa ter depth in dif fer ent time in ter vals of the Si lu rian. The shelf wa ter depth of about 100 m, where the top of the ox ygen-min i mum layer im pinged on the sea bot tom, was the boundary between the open-shelf facies, represented by organic-rich sediments, and the reef build ups.

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CO2-forced climate thresholds during the Phanerozoic

Cited by 507 publications

References 99 publications

Sedimentary evolution of the continental Early–Middle Triassic Cañizar Formation (Central Spain): Implications for life recovery after the Permian–Triassic crisis

Sedimentary evolution of the continental Early–Middle Triassic Cañizar Formation (Central Spain): Implications for life recovery after the Permian–Triassic crisis

Atmospheric CO₂concentrations during ancient greenhouse climates were similar to those predicted for A.D. 2100

The Silurian of south-western margin of the East European Platform (Ukraine, Moldova and Romania): lithofacies and palaeoenvironments

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CO2-forced climate thresholds during the Phanerozoic

Cited by 507 publications

References 99 publications

Sedimentary evolution of the continental Early–Middle Triassic Cañizar Formation (Central Spain): Implications for life recovery after the Permian–Triassic crisis

Sedimentary evolution of the continental Early–Middle Triassic Cañizar Formation (Central Spain): Implications for life recovery after the Permian–Triassic crisis

Atmospheric CO2concentrations during ancient greenhouse climates were similar to those predicted for A.D. 2100

The Silurian of south-western margin of the East European Platform (Ukraine, Moldova and Romania): lithofacies and palaeoenvironments

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Atmospheric CO₂concentrations during ancient greenhouse climates were similar to those predicted for A.D. 2100