CO2 emissions and energy demands of vehicles tested under the NEDC and the new WLTP type approval test procedures

Pavlovic, Jelica; Marotta, Alessandro; Ciuffo, Biagio

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.05.110

Cited by 161 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The WLTC-NEDC quotients were 0.94 and 1.04, respectively, for the Euro 6 D DPF and G-DI vehicles tested. This is consistent with Pavlovic (2016) and Marotta (2015). All the vehicles tested produced 2 to 5 times fewer CO and HC emissions during the Artemis average cycle than during the NEDC cycle.…”

Section: Comparison With Approved Driving Cyclessupporting

confidence: 74%

Emission Characterization of In-Use Diesel and Gasoline Euro 4 to Euro 6 Passenger Cars Tested on Chassis Dynamometer Bench and Emission Model Assessment

Liu¹,

Martinet²,

Louis

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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This paper focuses on CO 2 and regulated pollutants (NO x , HC, CO, PM) emitted by eight Euro 4-6 gasoline and diesel vehicles with six different technologies. The emission factors were repeatedly measured on a chassis dynamometer bench using Artemis Urban with cold and hot start, Road and Motorway, WLTC and NEDC driving conditions. The influence of driving conditions and approved driving cycles on pollutant emissions was also investigated. The measured emission factors for regulated compounds were compared to the corresponding emission factors of the COPCETE emission model developed by the French Ministry of Ecology. The results indicate that the NEDC cycle, used for type-approval of emissions of regulated compounds, leads to underestimation of CO 2 (9-23%) and NO x (1.2 to 2 times) emissions and overestimation of CO and HC (2 to 5 times) in relation to the Artemis cycles, which are real-world simulation driving cycles. The WLTC cycle for the worldwide harmonization of vehicle emissions shows similar HC, NO x and CO emissions with the Artemis average cycle within uncertainty of the measurements. The NO x emissions measured were 1.6 to 8 times greater than the type-approval limits. These high NO x emissions produced by all the diesel vehicles tested under real-world driving conditions could serve as particle precursors and increase secondary organic aerosol formation. They are also indicative of the significant cause for concern regarding urban air quality and the increase in the portion of Euro 5 and 6 diesel vehicles in France's vehicle fleet. Regarding emission factor assessments, the emission levels measured are overall in fair agreement with the COPCETE predictions within uncertainties for CO 2 and regulated pollutants. Updating the database is vital in order to be able to produce more representative emission factors and better evaluate the health and environmental effects from vehicle emissions.

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Section: Comparison With Approved Driving Cyclessupporting

confidence: 74%

Emission Characterization of In-Use Diesel and Gasoline Euro 4 to Euro 6 Passenger Cars Tested on Chassis Dynamometer Bench and Emission Model Assessment

Liu¹,

Martinet²,

Louis

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Similarly small differences in the CO 2 emissions between the WLTC and the NEDC were reached in [35] when (as is also the case in this work) the same test mass for both cycles was applied to isolate the vehicle speed profile effects. On the other hand, when the whole test procedure is under investigation, and not just the cycle speed profile [18,33], the results may be different, with the vehicles exhibiting higher CO 2 emissions during the WLTP compared to the NEDC. …”

Section: Wltc Vs Nedc Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…By doing so, we can eliminate all other test-procedure-related differences and isolate the vehicle speed-profile effects. Of course, for type approval purposes on the chassis-dynamometer, each test schedule is carried out according to the specific test procedure (as outlined in the relevant regulatory documents), and the obtained results should be different from the ones presented here, as the basis for the comparison is not the same (e.g., different gear-shift strategy, vehicle test mass, temperature of the test) [33,34].…”

Section: Application Of the Experimental/simulation Procedures Outlinementioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of a Diesel-Engined Vehicle’s Performance and Emissions during the WLTC Driving Cycle—Comparison with the NEDC

Giakoumis

Zachiotis

2017

Energies

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Abstract:The present work presents results from an experimentally validated simulation code, regarding a turbocharged diesel-powered vehicle running on the recently developed worldwide light-duty vehicles WLTC driving cycle. The simulation is based on an engine mapping approach, with correction coefficients applied vis-Ò-vis the transient discrepancies encountered. Both performance and engine-out emission results are presented and discussed. As regards the latter, the concerned pollutants are soot and nitrogen monoxide. Since the WLTC driving cycle is scheduled to replace the NEDC in Europe from September 2017 with regard to the certification of passenger cars and light-duty trucks, a comparative analysis between the two test schedules is also performed for the engine/vehicle under study.

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“…Therefore, it is expected to lead to an increase of the overall CO2 emissions, as already reported in literature for vehicles equipped with conventional powertrains [31,32] This section provides an additional contribution, analyzing the impact of the new TA procedure on a test case vehicle representative of current state of the art of the hybrid technology.…”

Section: Co2 Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Different Driving Cycles and Operating Conditions on CO2 Emissions and Energy Management Strategies of a Euro-6 Hybrid Electric Vehicle

et al. 2017

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Although Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) represent one of the key technologies to reduce CO 2 emissions, their effective potential in real world driving conditions strongly depends on the performance of their Energy Management System (EMS) and on its capability to maximize the efficiency of the powertrain in real life as well as during Type Approval (TA) tests. Attempting to close the gap between TA and real world CO 2 emissions, the European Commission has decided to introduce from September 2017 the Worldwide Harmonized Light duty Test Procedure (WLTP), replacing the previous procedure based on the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC). The aim of this work is the analysis of the impact of different driving cycles and operating conditions on CO 2 emissions and on energy management strategies of a Euro-6 HEV through the limited number of information available from the chassis dyno tests. The vehicle was tested considering different initial battery State of Charge (SOC), ranging from 40% to 65%, and engine coolant temperatures, from −7 • C to 70 • C. The change of test conditions from NEDC to WLTP was shown to lead to a significant reduction of the electric drive and to about a 30% increase of CO 2 emissions. However, since the specific energy demand of WLTP is about 50% higher than that of NEDC, these results demonstrate that the EMS strategies of the tested vehicle can achieve, in test conditions closer to real life, even higher efficiency levels than those that are currently evaluated on the NEDC, and prove the effectiveness of HEV technology to reduce CO 2 emissions.

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CO2 emissions and energy demands of vehicles tested under the NEDC and the new WLTP type approval test procedures

Cited by 161 publications

References 27 publications

Emission Characterization of In-Use Diesel and Gasoline Euro 4 to Euro 6 Passenger Cars Tested on Chassis Dynamometer Bench and Emission Model Assessment

Emission Characterization of In-Use Diesel and Gasoline Euro 4 to Euro 6 Passenger Cars Tested on Chassis Dynamometer Bench and Emission Model Assessment

Investigation of a Diesel-Engined Vehicle’s Performance and Emissions during the WLTC Driving Cycle—Comparison with the NEDC

Impact of Different Driving Cycles and Operating Conditions on CO2 Emissions and Energy Management Strategies of a Euro-6 Hybrid Electric Vehicle

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