CO2 electroreduction to formate: Continuous single-pass operation in a filter-press reactor at high current densities using Bi gas diffusion electrodes

Continuous Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Formate: Comparative Study of the Influence of the Electrode Configuration with Sn and Bi-Based Electrocatalysts

“…In Table 2 , the comparison between the GDE configuration (Bi/C-GDE) [ 68 ] and the CCME configuration (Bi/C-CCME) [ 69 ], employing the same Bi/C NPs as electrocatalyst, is carried out, in terms of HCOO − concentration, HCOO − rate, FE for HCOO − , and the energy consumption per kmol of HCOO − .…”

“…In contrast, the behavior of the two different electrocatalysts (Sn/C NPs and Bi/C NPs) was compared under the same configuration and experimental setup in both studies: (i) GDEs ( Figure 5 a), which are described as detailed in Castillo et al 2017 [ 66 ] and Díaz-Sainz et al 2019 [ 68 ], and (ii) CCMEs ( Figure 5 b), whose fabrication and characterization are described in Díaz-Sainz et al 2018 [ 67 ] and Díaz-Sainz et al 2020 [ 69 ]. In this context, the size of both quasi-spherical Sn/C and Bi/C NPs are 10–15 nm and 9.3 ± 1.6 nm, respectively.…”

“…Sn/C-GDEs and Bi/C-GDEs are indicated in green and red, respectively. Data taken from references [ 66 , 68 ]. Sn-C: Sn carbon-supported nanoparticles; Bi/C: Sn carbon-supported nanoparticles.…”

Sustainable Membrane‐Coated Electrodes for CO2 Electroreduction to Methanol in Alkaline Media

“…The effect of surface morphology on the CO 2 RR to alcohols or hydrocarbons has been studied in the form of Cucoated nanospikes, [12] nanowire [13] or metal-organic frameworks (MOFs, [14,15] among others. [7,19,20] The development of alkaline anion-exchange membranes (AAEMs), bipolar membranes and mosaic membranes in opposition to most conventionally employed cation exchange membranes (CEMs), Nafion 117 (DuPont), [24][25][26] is an example of the increasing relevance that the role of the IEM in the electrochemical reaction is gaining in research literature. Steady-state conditions are the most commonly investigated in CO 2 /HCO 3 À electrolytes because their slow equilibration kinetics leads to the mass transfer limited region.…”

“…[23] In order to avoid the challenges of using liquid electrolytes, to improve CO 2 solubility and recovery of liquid products, solid polymer electrolyte membranes were introduced in the design of electrochemical flow reactors. [7,19,20] The development of alkaline anion-exchange membranes (AAEMs), bipolar membranes and mosaic membranes in opposition to most conventionally employed cation exchange membranes (CEMs), Nafion 117 (DuPont), [24][25][26] is an example of the increasing relevance that the role of the IEM in the electrochemical reaction is gaining in research literature. [10] Despite the predominance of CEMs, the most widely studied electrochemical environment for CO 2 RR is slightly alkaline (almost neutral) rather than acid medium, in order to reduce the influence of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) that otherwise competes with CO 2 RR.…”