Co-selection may explain the unexpectedly high prevalence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene &lt;i&gt;mcr-1&lt;/i&gt; in a Chinese broiler farm

Cao, Yuping; Lin, Qingqing; He, Wan-Yun; Wang, Jing; Yi, Meng-Ying; Lv, Luchao; Yang, Jun; Liu, Jianhua; Guo, Jianying

doi:10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.131

“…Food animals are considered reservoirs of drug-resistant bacteria, and resistance genes can be transmitted to humans through the food chain, which is an important mechanism of drug-resistant bacteria spread to humans ( Hu et al, 2016 ; Cao et al, 2020 ). Although many E. coli isolates are common harmless bacteria, a particular subset can cause diverse diseases in humans and animals ( Stromberg et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and molecular epidemiology of fosA3-bearing Escherichia coli from ducks in Shandong province of China

Liu

¹

,

Tian

²

,

Wang

³

et al. 2022

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The plasmid-borne fosfomycin resistance gene fosA3 has been identified in Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) from various animals but has rarely been reported in ducks. In this study, we investigated the fosA3 prevalence and molecular characteristics of fosA3 -harboring E. coli strains from ducks in Shandong province of China. In 416 E. coli isolates, 91 (21.88%) were identified as fosA3 -bearing strains, and the fosfomycin-resistant phenotype of 88 of the 91 fosA3 -harboring strains was successfully transferred to the recipient strains. Seven different genetic structures surrounding the fosA3 gene were detected and 2 new contexts were discovered among the fosA3 -carrying E. coli . Twenty fosA3 -harboring isolates and their trans-conjugants were randomly selected for pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ( PFGE ) typing and S1-nuclease PFGE, respectively. The PFGE patterns revealed that the 20 randomly selected fosA3 -bearing isolates were not a result of clonal dissemination. S1-PFGE showed that 15 of the 20 randomly selected trans-conjugants carried a single plasmid, and these 15 plasmids that harbored fosA3 (55–190 kb) were distributed into the following replicon types: IncF (n = 11), IncI1 (n = 1), IncN (n = 1), untypable (n = 1), and W-FIC (n = 1). Additionally, as vectors for fosA3 in E. coli , F-:A1:B6, N/ST1, IncI1/ST2, W-FIC, and one untypable plasmid had never been reported before. These observations highlighted the importance of ducks as a reservoir for multidrug-resistant fosA3 -carrying E. coli .

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“…The similar IncX3 plasmids found in this study further highlight the importance of the epidemic IncX3 plasmid in the spread of the bla NDM-5 gene within the entire ecosystem. IncHI2/ST3 plasmids have been reported to mediate the transfer of various antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), such as fosA3 ( Wang et al, 2020 ), floR ( Cao et al, 2020 ), bla CTX-M ( Lü et al, 2020 ), and mcr ( Long et al, 2019 ; Zhi et al, 2016 ), as well as various NDM-type carbapenemase genes, such as bla NDM-1 , bla NDM-9 , and bla NDM-4 ( Liu et al, 2017 ; Oueslati et al, 2021 ). However, there are very few reports of bla NDM-5 -carrying IncHI2 ( Ma et al, 2021 ; Zhao et al, 2021b ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of NDM-5-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates from retail grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and evidence of blaNDM-5-bearing IncHI2 plasmid transfer between ducks and fish

Lv¹,

Lu²,

Gao³

et al. 2022

Zoological Research

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We aimed to characterize NDM-5-producing Enterobacteriaceae from aquatic products in Guangzhou, China. A total of 196 intestinal samples of grass carp collected in 2019 were screened for carbapenemase genes. Characterization of bla NDM-5 positive isolates and plasmids was determined by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, conjugation experiments, Illumina HiSeq, and Nanopore sequencing. One Citrobacter freundii and six Escherichia coli strains recovered from seven intestinal samples were verified as bla NDM-5 carriers (3.57%, 7/196). The bla NDM-5 genes were located on the IncX3 ( n =5), IncHI2 ( n =1), or IncHI2-IncF ( n =1) plasmids. All bla NDM-5 -bearing plasmids were transferred by conjugation at frequencies of ~10 −4 –10 −6 . Based on sequence analysis, the IncHI2 plasmid pHNBYF33-1 was similar to other bla NDM-5 -carrying IncHI2 plasmids deposited in GenBank from Guangdong ducks. In all IncHI2 plasmids, bla NDM-5 was embedded in a novel transposon, Tn 7051 (IS 3000 -ΔIS Aba125 -IS 5 -ΔIS Aba125 - bla NDM-5 - ble MBL - trpF - tat -∆ dct -IS 26 -∆ umuD -∆IS Kox3 -IS 3000 ), which was identical to the genetic structure surrounding bla NDM-5 found in some IncX3 plasmids. The IncHI2-IncF hybrid plasmid pHNTH9F11-1 was formed by homologous recombination of the bla NDM-5 -carrying IncHI2 plasmid and a heavy-metal-resistant IncF plasmid through ∆Tn 1721 . To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the characterization of bla NDM-5 -bearing plasmids in fish in China. The IncHI2 plasmid pHNBYF33-1 may be transmitted from ducks, considering the common duck-fish freshwater aquaculture system in Guangdong. Tn 7051 is likely responsible for the transfer of bla NDM-5 from IncX3 to IncHI2 plasmids in Enterobacteriaceae , resulting in the expansion of transmission vectors of bla NDM-5 .

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“…Previously, the IncHI2/IncN replicon was reported to carry the mcr-1 gene, which indicates that the mcr-1 gene and its surrounding sequence might be derived from the IncHI2/IncN plasmid ( Lu et al, 2020 ). In IncI2 plasmids, mcr-1-pap2 was the most common, whereas mcr-1 genes were usually flanked by IS Apl1 (IS Apl1-mcr-1-pap2 or Tn 6330 ) in IncHI2 plasmids ( Cao et al, 2020 ). This finding is also consistent with the results of our study, with the exception of pS585 that is not embedded in an IS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmid Dynamics of mcr-1-Positive Salmonella spp. in a General Hospital in China

Fan

¹

,

Zhang

²

,

He

³

et al. 2020

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Salmonella is an important food pathogen that can cause severe gastroenteritis with more than 600,000 deaths globally every year. Colistin (COL), a last-resort antibiotic, is ineffective in bacteria that carry a functional mcr-1 gene, which is often spread by conjugative plasmids. Our work aimed to understand the prevalence of the mcr-1 gene in clinical isolates of Salmonella, as the frequency of occurrence of the mcr-1 gene is increasing globally. Therefore, we analyzed 689 clinical strains, that were isolated between 2009 and late 2018. The mcr-1 gene was found in six strains, which we analyzed in detail by whole genome sequencing and antibiotic susceptibility testing, while we also provide the clinical information on the patients suffering from an infection. The genomic analysis revealed that five strains had plasmid-encoded mcr-1 gene located in four IncHI2 plasmids and one IncI2 plasmid, while one strain had the chromosomal mcr-1 gene originated from plasmid. Surprisingly, in two strains the mcr-1 genes were inactive due to disruption by insertion sequences (ISs): ISApl1 and ISVsa5. A detailed analysis of the plasmids revealed a multitude of ISs, most commonly IS26. The IS contained genes that meditate broad resistance toward most antibiotics underlining their importance of the mobile elements, also with respect to the spread of the mcr-1 gene. Our study revealed potential reservoirs for the transmission of COL resistance and offers insights into the evolution of the mcr-1 gene in Salmonella.

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Co-selection may explain the unexpectedly high prevalence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene <i>mcr-1</i> in a Chinese broiler farm

Cited by 19 publications

References 36 publications

Occurrence and molecular epidemiology of fosA3-bearing Escherichia coli from ducks in Shandong province of China

Occurrence and molecular epidemiology of fosA3-bearing Escherichia coli from ducks in Shandong province of China

Characterization of NDM-5-producing <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> isolates from retail grass carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>) and evidence of <i>bla</i><sub>NDM-5</sub>-bearing IncHI2 plasmid transfer between ducks and fish

Plasmid Dynamics of mcr-1-Positive Salmonella spp. in a General Hospital in China

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