Co‐regulation of indole glucosinolates and camalexin biosynthesis by CPK5/CPK6 and MPK3/MPK6 signaling pathways

Yang, Liuyi; Zhang, Yan; Guan, Rongxia; Li, Sen; Xu, Xuwen; Zhang, Shuqun; Xu, Juan

doi:10.1111/jipb.12973

Cited by 53 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(116 reference statements)

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“…By contrast, OsCPK18 was reported to directly interact and phosphorylate OsMPK5 (MAPK3) and OsMPK6 (MAPK6) to positively regulate their kinase activity in rice (Xie et al ., 2014). Taken together, our results reinforce the existence of a complicated, perhaps mutually impactable relationship between the CDPK and the MPK (PTI) pathways during the activation of concerted defense responses to biotic and abiotic stresses via regulation of SA and ethylene biosynthesis and their downstream signaling pathways (Yang et al ., 2020; Zhou et al ., 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overexpression of two CDPKs from wild Chinese grapevine enhances powdery mildew resistance in Vitis vinifera and Arabidopsis

Yang

Cheng

et al. 2021

New Phytologist

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Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) play vital roles in metabolic regulations and stimuli responses in plants. However, little is known about their function in grapevine.Here, we report that VpCDPK9 and VpCDPK13, two paralogous CDPKs from Vitis pseudoreticulata accession Baihe-35-1, appear to positively regulate powdery mildew resistance. The transcription of them in leaves of 'Baihe-35-1' were differentially induced upon powdery mildew infection. Overexpression of VpCDPK9-YFP or VpCDPK13-YFP in the V. vinifera susceptible cultivar Thompson Seedless resulted in enhanced resistance to powdery mildew (YFP, yellow fluorescent protein). This might be due to elevation of SA and ethylene production, and excess accumulation of H 2 O 2 and callose in penetrated epidermal cells and/ or the mesophyll cells underneath.Ectopic expression of VpCDPK9-YFP in Arabidopsis resulted in varied degrees of reduced stature, pre-mature senescence and enhanced powdery mildew resistance. However, these phenotypes were abolished in VpCDPK9-YFP transgenic lines impaired in SA signaling (pad4sid2) or ethylene signaling (ein2). Moreover, both of VpCDPK9 and VpCDPK13 were found to interact with and potentially phosphorylate VpMAPK3, VpMAPK6, VpACS1 and VpACS2 in vivo (ACS, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase).These results suggest that VpCDPK9 and VpCDPK13 contribute to powdery mildew resistance via positively regulating SA and ethylene signaling in grapevine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overexpression of two CDPKs from wild Chinese grapevine enhances powdery mildew resistance in Vitis vinifera and Arabidopsis

Yang

Cheng

et al. 2021

New Phytologist

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“…Camalexin was extracted and analyzed as previously described with some modifications (Yang et al, 2020). After treatment, the samples were diluted with methanol and analyses on HPLC instrument (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) with SPD-M20A diode array detector.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

WRKY33-mediated indole glucosinolate metabolic pathway confers host resistance againstAlternaria brassicicola

Tao

Miao

Chen

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The tryptophan (Trp)-derived plant secondary metabolites, including camalexin, 4-hydroxy-indole-3-carbonylnitrile (4OH-ICN), and indole glucosinolate (IGS), show broad-spectrum antifungal activity. However, the upstream regulators of these metabolic pathways among different plant species in response to fungus infection are rarely studied. In this study, our results revealed a positive role of WRKY33 in host resistance to Alternaria brassicicola by directly regulating the transcription of genes involved in the biosynthesis and atypical hydrolysis of IGS both in Arabidopsis and Chinese kale. Indole-3-yl-methylglucosinolate (I3G) and 4-methoxyindole-3-yl-methylglucosinolate (4MI3G) are the main components of IGS. WRKY33 induces the expression of MYB51 and CYP83B1 which promotes the biosynthesis of I3G, the precursor of 4MI3G. Moreover, it also directly activates the expression of CYP81F2, IGMT1, and IGMT2 to drive side chain modification of I3G to produce 4MI3G, which is in turn hydrolyzed by PEN2. However, Chinese kale showed a more severe symptom than Arabidopsis when infected by Alternaria brassicicola. Comparative analyses of the origin and evolution of Trp-metabolism indicate that the loss of camalexin biosynthesis in Brassica crops during evolution might attenuate the resistance of crops to Alternaria brassicicola. As a result, IGS metabolic pathway mediated by WRKY33 becomes essential for Chinese kale to deter Alternaria brassicicola. Our results highlight the differential regulation of Trp-derived camalexin and IGS biosynthetic pathways in plant immunity between Arabidopsis and Brassica crops.One-sentence SummaryPathogen-responsive WRKY33 directly regulates indole glucosinolates biosynthesis and atypical hydrolysis, conferring to host resistance to Alternaria brassicicola in Arabidopsis and Brassica crops.

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“…During PTI, concomitant and similar activations of MPK3 and MPK6 within the MAP3K3/5-MKK4/5-MPK3/6 cascade are well characterized [ 4 , 17 ]. It is therefore tempting to extrapolate the same mechanisms for ETI, especially since it has been recently demonstrated that MKK4 and MKK5 largely contribute to sustained MPK3/6 activations in response to B. cinerea [ 61 ]. Nonetheless, as long as no knock-out mutant for MAP2K or MAP3K is analyzed in a clear ETI context, it is not totally certain that the effector-mediated sustained activities of MPK3 and MPK6 would function through the same module.…”

Section: Mapk Activities During Eti: General or Peculiar?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustained Incompatibility between MAPK Signaling and Pathogen Effectors

Lang

Colcombet

2020

IJMS

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In plants, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) are important signaling components involved in developemental processes as well as in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this review, we focus on the roles of MAPKs in Effector-Triggered Immunity (ETI), a specific layer of plant defense responses dependent on the recognition of pathogen effector proteins. Having inspected the literature, we synthesize the current state of knowledge concerning this topic. First, we describe how pathogen effectors can manipulate MAPK signaling to promote virulence, and how in parallel plants have developed mechanisms to protect themselves against these interferences. Then, we discuss the striking finding that the recognition of pathogen effectors can provoke a sustained activation of the MAPKs MPK3/6, extensively analyzing its implications in terms of regulation and functions. In line with this, we also address the question of how a durable activation of MAPKs might affect the scope of their substrates, and thereby mediate the emergence of possibly new ETI-specific responses. By highlighting the sometimes conflicting or missing data, our intention is to spur further research in order to both consolidate and expand our understanding of MAPK signaling in immunity.

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Co‐regulation of indole glucosinolates and camalexin biosynthesis by CPK5/CPK6 and MPK3/MPK6 signaling pathways

Cited by 53 publications

References 67 publications

Overexpression of two CDPKs from wild Chinese grapevine enhances powdery mildew resistance in Vitis vinifera and Arabidopsis

Overexpression of two CDPKs from wild Chinese grapevine enhances powdery mildew resistance in Vitis vinifera and Arabidopsis

WRKY33-mediated indole glucosinolate metabolic pathway confers host resistance againstAlternaria brassicicola

Sustained Incompatibility between MAPK Signaling and Pathogen Effectors

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