Overexpression of two CDPKs from wild Chinese grapevine enhances powdery mildew resistance in Vitis vinifera and Arabidopsis

Abstract

Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) play vital roles in metabolic regulations and stimuli responses in plants. However, little is known about their function in grapevine.Here, we report that VpCDPK9 and VpCDPK13, two paralogous CDPKs from Vitis pseudoreticulata accession Baihe-35-1, appear to positively regulate powdery mildew resistance. The transcription of them in leaves of 'Baihe-35-1' were differentially induced upon powdery mildew infection. Overexpression of VpCDPK9-YFP or VpCDPK13-YFP in the V. vinifera susceptible cultivar Thompson Seedless resulted in enhanced resistance to powdery mildew (YFP, yellow fluorescent protein). This might be due to elevation of SA and ethylene production, and excess accumulation of H 2 O 2 and callose in penetrated epidermal cells and/ or the mesophyll cells underneath.Ectopic expression of VpCDPK9-YFP in Arabidopsis resulted in varied degrees of reduced stature, pre-mature senescence and enhanced powdery mildew resistance. However, these phenotypes were abolished in VpCDPK9-YFP transgenic lines impaired in SA signaling (pad4sid2) or ethylene signaling (ein2). Moreover, both of VpCDPK9 and VpCDPK13 were found to interact with and potentially phosphorylate VpMAPK3, VpMAPK6, VpACS1 and VpACS2 in vivo (ACS, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase).These results suggest that VpCDPK9 and VpCDPK13 contribute to powdery mildew resistance via positively regulating SA and ethylene signaling in grapevine.

Role of grapevine SEPALLATA‐related MADS‐box gene VvMADS39 in flower and ovule development

“…For subcellular localization assays in Arabidopsis protoplasts, the VvMADS39 coding sequence (CDS) without the termination codon was cloned into the pHBT‐GFP‐NOS vector using homologous recombination. The resulting transient expression vector VvMADS39‐pHBT‐GFP‐NOS was introduced into Arabidopsis protoplasts following a previously described protocol (Hu et al., 2021). Green fluorescence protein (green light) was observed using a confocal laser scanning microscope (Leica TCS‐SP8 SR).…”

The role of endophyte M7SB41 ( Seimatosporium sp.) from wild Rosa in enhancing host plant’s powdery mildew resistance

“…Accumulating evidence indicates that silencing the expression of CaM/CML gene in mutated plants strongly affects immune responses and disease resistance of plants (Cheval et al, 2013;Cheval et al, 2017;Du et al, 2009). Moreover, recent result revealed that VpCDPK9 and VpCDPK13 (two paralogous CDPKs from Vitis pseudoreticulata ) contribute to PM resistance via positively regulating SA and ethylene signaling in grapevine (Hu et al, 2021). In this study, a number of CaM/CML and CDPKs transcripts were up-regulated and/or down-regulated in E+ plants (Table S4).…”

Genome-Wide Survey Indicates Diverse Physiological Roles of Dendrobium officinale Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase Genes

“…This finding is consistent with the result that the overexpression of VpCDPK9 enhanced the grapevine resistance to powdery mildew due to the increased production of SA and excess accumulation of H 2 O 2 in the epidermal cells. Similarly, the expression of stress-responsive genes, including AtRboh, was increased in the CsCDPK20 transgentic A. thaliana [64,65].…”