Co-Production Performance Evaluation in Healthcare. A Systematic Review of Methods, Tools and Metrics

Abstract

Co-produced practices and publications in the healthcare sector are gaining momentum, since they can be a useful tool in addressing the sustainability and resilience challenges of health systems. However, the investigation of positive and, mainly, negative outcomes is still confused and fragmented, and above all, a comprehensive knowledge of the metrics used to assess these outcomes is lacking. To fill this gap, this study aims to systematically review the extant literature to map the methods, tools and metrics used to empirically evaluate co-production in health services. The search took place in six databases: Scopus, Web of Science, Psych INFO, PubMed, Cochrane and CINAHL. A total of 2311 articles were screened and 203 articles were included in the analysis, according to PRISMA guidelines. Findings show that outcomes are mainly investigated through qualitative methods and from the lay actor or provider perspective. Moreover, the detailed categorisation of the quantitative measures found offers a multidimensional performance measurement system and highlights the impact areas where research is needed to develop and test new measures. Findings should also promote improvements in empirical data collection on the multiple faceted co-produced activities and spur the consciousness of the adoption of sustainable co-productive initiatives.

Empowering patients to co‐design Covid‐19 responses: the role of online health communities

“…Co‐production in healthcare is receiving increasing attention in the literature, public policy debates and civic society responses as the cornerstone of a sustainable healthcare system of the future (for recent systematic reviews, refer to Palumbo, 2016; Fusco and Marsilio, 2020; Marsilio et al, 2021). The WHO Global Strategy for Integrated People‐Centred Health Services 2016–2026 (World Health Organization, 2015) argues that the future of care requires an ‘equal and reciprocal relationship’ between clinical and non‐clinical professionals together with individuals using care services, their families and communities.…”

Role of Professional Skills in Promoting Healthcare System: A Performance Perspective

“…Coproduction also pressures healthcare systems by posing a long-term threat if resources are not blended. For this purpose, researchers have pushed for more individualized care based on new relational models in which informal carers and local communities share duties with care professionals, allowing people to feel like team members and improving service quality (Marsilio et al, 2021). First-line healthcare professionals actively collaborate with healthcare stakeholders such as health providers, general practitioners, social services, and others to coproduce the care services (Agyepong et al, 2021;Turk et al, 2021).…”

Co-production: Strategic Lever for Dehospitalization and Redefinition of Organizational Structures in Healthcare

“…Finally regarding the "market logic", by implementing co-production projects, the hospital can strengthen its market position, improve public relations, meet the conditions of health insurers and finally share national health trends such as more transparency and patient participation. There are many benefits of co-production that professionals enjoy (Marsilio et al, 2021). They experience: increased job satisfaction (Den Boer et al, 2017;Ding et al2019;Van del Meer et al, 2018); increased well-being both physically and mentally (Den Boer et al, 2017;Van der Meer et al, 2018;Finamore et al, 2020); increased work engagement and motivation due to active involvement and increased willingness to perform their tasks (Ding et al, 2019;Chen et al, 2015;Hastings et al, 2018); a positive change in behavior related not only to skills but to how one relates to patients by developing more empathy (Lamph et al, 2018;Finamore et al, 2020, Hastings et al, 2018, Dickens et al, 2019Davies et al, 2014, Horgan et al, 2018, Mannig et al, 2017; increased trust patients place in them (Banyte et al, 2014;Jo et al, 2019).…”

“…They experience: increased job satisfaction (Den Boer et al, 2017;Ding et al2019;Van del Meer et al, 2018); increased well-being both physically and mentally (Den Boer et al, 2017;Van der Meer et al, 2018;Finamore et al, 2020); increased work engagement and motivation due to active involvement and increased willingness to perform their tasks (Ding et al, 2019;Chen et al, 2015;Hastings et al, 2018); a positive change in behavior related not only to skills but to how one relates to patients by developing more empathy (Lamph et al, 2018;Finamore et al, 2020, Hastings et al, 2018, Dickens et al, 2019Davies et al, 2014, Horgan et al, 2018, Mannig et al, 2017; increased trust patients place in them (Banyte et al, 2014;Jo et al, 2019). The benefits enjoyed by patients are those most analyzed in the literature (Marsilio et al, 2021): improved health status, greater satisfaction, empowerment understood as active involvement in personalized treatment and care plans, self-management, self-efficacy, self-esteem, self-confidence, eustress, learning, a change in behavior, awareness of problems, cost savings.…”