Co-occurring psychiatric disorders and alcoholism

J, Stephen Rich; Martín, Pedro

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-62619-6.00033-1

Cited by 31 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Consistent with epidemiological findings that substance use disorders are commonly comorbid with PTSD [ 118 , 119 , 120 , 121 ] and MDD [ 122 , 123 ], there was a higher prevalence of history of alcohol abuse/dependence in MCI group compared to the other two groups (44% vs. 19% and 23% in intermediate and CN). Although post-hoc analysis suggested that history of alcohol use disorder was not significantly associated with MCI status in the present study, like PTSD and MDD, heavy alcohol use has been associated with deleterious effects on the hippocampus [ 124 ] and cognitive function [ 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

The Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in a Convenience Sample of 202 Gulf War Veterans

Chao

2020

IJERPH

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Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic, multisymptom disorder estimated to affect approximately 25–32% of Gulf War veterans (GWVs). Cognitive dysfunction is a common symptom of GWI. On the continuum of cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is conceptualized as a transitional phase between normal aging and dementia. Individuals with MCI exhibit cognitive decline but have relatively spared activities of daily function and do not meet criteria for dementia. The current study sought to investigate the prevalence of MCI in a convenience sample of 202 GWVs (median age: 52 years; 18% female). Twelve percent of the sample (median age: 48 years) had MCI according to an actuarial neuropsychological criterion, a rate materially higher than expected for this age group. GWVs with MCI also had a smaller hippocampal volume and a thinner parietal cortex, higher rates of current posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder compared to GWVs without MCI. Because people with MCI are more likely to progress to dementia compared to those with normal cognition, these results may portend future higher rates of dementia among deployed GWVs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

The Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in a Convenience Sample of 202 Gulf War Veterans

Chao

2020

IJERPH

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“…Mental disorders have consistently been associated with substance use – in particular cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, cannabis use, and consumption of caffeinated drinks. Compared to the general population, individuals diagnosed with a mental disorder – or subclinical symptoms – are more likely to smoke (Garey et al, 2020 ), drink alcohol excessively (Stephen Rich & Martin, 2014 ), and use cannabis (Satre, Bahorik, Zaman, & Ramo, 2018 ). For caffeine, there are conflicting findings with high(er) consumption being associated with a lower odds of depression (Grosso, Micek, Castellano, Pajak, & Galvano, 2016 ) but a higher odds of schizophrenia (Williams & Gandhi, 2008 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Mendelian randomization analysis to better understand the relationship between mental health and substance use: a systematic review

et al. 2021

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Background Poor mental health has consistently been associated with substance use (smoking, alcohol drinking, cannabis use, and consumption of caffeinated drinks). To properly inform public health policy it is crucial to understand the mechanisms underlying these associations, and most importantly, whether or not they are causal. Methods In this pre-registered systematic review, we assessed the evidence for causal relationships between mental health and substance use from Mendelian randomization (MR) studies, following PRISMA. We rated the quality of included studies using a scoring system that incorporates important indices of quality, such as the quality of phenotype measurement, instrument strength, and use of sensitivity methods. Results Sixty-three studies were included for qualitative synthesis. The final quality rating was ‘−’ for 16 studies, ‘– +’ for 37 studies, and ‘+’for 10 studies. There was robust evidence that higher educational attainment decreases smoking and that there is a bi-directional, increasing relationship between smoking and (symptoms of) mental disorders. Another robust finding was that higher educational attainment increases alcohol use frequency, but decreases binge-drinking and alcohol use problems, and that mental disorders causally lead to more alcohol drinking without evidence for the reverse. Conclusions The current MR literature increases our understanding of the relationship between mental health and substance use. Bi-directional causal relationships are indicated, especially for smoking, providing further incentive to strengthen public health efforts to decrease substance use. Future MR studies should make use of large(r) samples in combination with detailed phenotypes, a wide range of sensitivity methods, and triangulate with other research methods.

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“…In many cases, receiving a disability pension implies being unemployed, regardless of the nature of the disability, and this unemployment also leads to social isolation. Receiving a disability pension usually implies that the alcohol dependence is more severe, especially because the patients often have psychiatric comorbidities (dual disorders), and it is a poor prognostic factor for maintaining abstinence …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of an Addiction Team in a Liver Transplantation Center

et al. 2019

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Up to 50% of liver transplantation (LT) recipients with known or clandestine alcohol‐use disorder (AUD) before surgery return to alcohol use after LT. However, only severe alcohol relapse, which varies in frequency from 11% to 26% of patients, has an impact on longterm survival and significantly decreases survival rates after 10 years. Therefore, it is crucial to identify patients with the highest risk of severe relapse in order to arrange specific, standardized monitoring by an addiction team before and after LT. The aims of this study were to describe the effects of combined management of AUD on the rate of severe alcohol relapse and to determine the risk factors before LT that predict severe relapse. Patients transplanted between January 2008 and December 2014 who had met with the LT team’s addiction specialist were included in the study. Patients who exhibited alcohol‐related relapse risk factors received specific addiction follow‐up. A total of 235 patients were enrolled in the study. Most of them were men (79%), and the mean age at the time of the LT was 55.7 years. Severe relapse occurred in only 9% of the transplant recipients. Alcohol‐related factors of severe relapse were a pretransplant abstinence of 6 months and family, legal, or professional consequences of alcohol consumption, whereas the nonalcohol‐related factors were being single and being eligible for a disability pension. In conclusion, the integration of an addiction team in a LT center may be beneficial. The addiction specialist can identify patients at risk of severe relapse in the pretransplantation period and hence arrange for specific follow‐up.

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Co-occurring psychiatric disorders and alcoholism

Cited by 31 publications

References 103 publications

The Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in a Convenience Sample of 202 Gulf War Veterans

The Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in a Convenience Sample of 202 Gulf War Veterans

Using Mendelian randomization analysis to better understand the relationship between mental health and substance use: a systematic review

Integration of an Addiction Team in a Liver Transplantation Center

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