Co-Occurrence of ASD and ADHD Traits in an Adult Population

Panagiotidi, Maria; Overton, Paul G.; Stafford, Tom

doi:10.1177/1087054717720720

Cited by 48 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Greater connectivity within the default mode network has also been linked to worse executive function in ASD (50). Furthermore, externalizing symptoms are frequently observed in large proportions of individuals with ASD (58)(59)(60). Finally, it remains unknown to what extent factor 2 and the other factors and their relationships with behavior are ASD specific or extend across diagnoses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconciling Dimensional and Categorical Models of Autism Heterogeneity: A Brain Connectomics and Behavioral Study

Tang

Sun

Floris

et al. 2020

Biological Psychiatry

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BACKGROUND: Heterogeneity in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has hindered the development of biomarkers, thus motivating subtyping efforts. Most subtyping studies divide individuals with ASD into nonoverlapping (categorical) subgroups. However, continuous interindividual variation in ASD suggests that there is a need for a dimensional approach. METHODS: A Bayesian model was employed to decompose resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) of individuals with ASD into multiple abnormal RSFC patterns, i.e., categorical subtypes, henceforth referred to as "factors." Importantly, the model allowed each individual to express one or more factors to varying degrees (dimensional subtyping). The model was applied to 306 individuals with ASD (5.2-57 years of age) from two multisite repositories. Post hoc analyses associated factors with symptoms and demographics. RESULTS: Analyses yielded three factors with dissociable whole-brain hypo-and hyper-RSFC patterns. Most participants expressed multiple (categorical) factors, suggestive of a mosaic of subtypes within individuals. All factors shared abnormal RSFC involving the default mode network, but the directionality (hypo-or hyper-RSFC) differed across factors. Factor 1 was associated with core ASD symptoms. Factors 1 and 2 were associated with distinct comorbid symptoms. Older male participants preferentially expressed factor 3. Factors were robust across control analyses and were not associated with IQ or head motion. CONCLUSIONS: There exist at least three ASD factors with dissociable whole-brain RSFC patterns, behaviors, and demographics. Heterogeneous default mode network hypo-and hyper-RSFC across the factors might explain previously reported inconsistencies. The factors differentiated between core ASD and comorbid symptoms-a less appreciated domain of heterogeneity in ASD. These factors are coexpressed in individuals with ASD with different degrees, thus reconciling categorical and dimensional perspectives of ASD heterogeneity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconciling Dimensional and Categorical Models of Autism Heterogeneity: A Brain Connectomics and Behavioral Study

Tang

Sun

Floris

et al. 2020

Biological Psychiatry

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“…ADHD and autism Panagiotidi, Overton, and Stafford (2017;also see Kern, Geier, Sykes, Geier, & Deth, 2015;Banaschewski et al, 2005) investigated co-occurring traits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and ADHD. They assessed 334 healthy, neurotypical participants with two ADHD questionnaires and two ASD questionnaires.…”

Section: Is Hyperfocus the Same Phenomenon Across Psychiatric Conditimentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperfocus: the forgotten frontier of attention

Ashinoff

Abu‐Akel

2019

Psychological Research

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'Hyperfocus' is a phenomenon that reflects one's complete absorption in a task, to a point where a person appears to completely ignore or 'tune out' everything else. Hyperfocus is most often mentioned in the context of autism, schizophrenia, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, but research into its effect on cognitive and neural functioning is limited. We propose that hyperfocus is a critically important aspect of cognition, particularly with regard to clinical populations, and that it warrants significant investigation. Hyperfocus, though ostensibly self-explanatory, is poorly defined within the literature. In many cases, hyperfocus goes undefined, relying on the assumption that the reader inherently knows what it entails. Thus, there is no single consensus to what constitutes hyperfocus. Moreover, some studies do not refer to hyperfocus by name, but describe processes that may be related. In this paper, we review how hyperfocus (as well as possibly related phenomena) has been defined and measured, the challenges associated with hyperfocus research, and assess how hyperfocus affects both neurotypical and clinical populations. Using this foundation, we provide constructive criticism about previously used methods and analyses. We also propose an operational definition of hyperfocus for researchers to use moving forward.

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“…Due to the social, cognitive, and behavioral limitations associated with ASD, individuals with ASD are found to be more likely to suffer from physical conditions such as obesity and gastrointestinal disorders [Bresnahan et al, ; Zheng et al, ], but not other medical conditions such as asthma and allergies [Lyall, Van de Water, Ashwood, & Hertz‐Picciotto, ; Zheng et al, ]. Furthermore, ASD is also often found to be comorbid with mental health disorders such as schizophrenia and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder [Antshel, Zhang‐James, & Faraone, ; Panagiotidi, Overton, & Stafford, ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

2018

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Schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are significant public health problems. Scientists have recently explored the association between schizophrenia and ASD, but the findings are inconsistent. Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies to examine the association between schizophrenia and ASD. PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were used for literature searches to identify eligible studies published in English before October 2, 2017. Relevant studies estimating the association between schizophrenia and ASD were included. The meta-analysis of the prevalence of schizophrenia in individuals with ASD encompassed 1,950,113 participants and 14,945 individuals with ASD. A random-effects model was chosen to synthesize the effect sizes of individual studies. The prevalence of schizophrenia was significantly higher in individuals with ASD than in controls (odds ratio = 3.55, 95% confidence interval: 2.08-6.05, P < .001). Both sensitivity analysis and publication bias testing revealed that the findings were robust. The systematic review of the prevalence of ASD in individuals with schizophrenia encompassed 930 participants. The prevalence of ASD in individuals with schizophrenia ranged from 3.4 to 52%. The systematic review and meta-analysis showed a significant association between schizophrenia and ASD.Lay Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis explored the association between schizophrenia and ASD. We found that the prevalence of schizophrenia was significantly higher in individuals with ASD than in controls and the prevalence of ASD in individuals with schizophrenia ranged from 3.4 to 52%. A comprehensive estimation of schizophrenia and ASD has important implications for the diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and development of a fundamental understanding of these disorders.

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Co-Occurrence of ASD and ADHD Traits in an Adult Population

Cited by 48 publications

References 69 publications

Reconciling Dimensional and Categorical Models of Autism Heterogeneity: A Brain Connectomics and Behavioral Study

Reconciling Dimensional and Categorical Models of Autism Heterogeneity: A Brain Connectomics and Behavioral Study

Hyperfocus: the forgotten frontier of attention

Association between schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

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