“…TEM images of the ZIF‐67 polyhedra (900 °C) (Figure 1e) revealed the presence of macropores of ca 100 nm diameter and Co nanoparticles of ca 20 nm [29–30] . Although carbon nanotubes have been detected in some ZIF‐67 polyhedra derived samples, [31] this was not the case in this study.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 51%
“…In previous reports from us, [29] ZIF‐67 was synthesized from Co(OH) 2 as catalyst precursor for the ORR. Using 9‐fold molar ratio of 2‐methylimidazole (HMeIm) over Co 2+ ions, formation of the very well studied phase of ZIF‐67 was achieved (CSD code GITTOT), [12b] which shows the typical polyhedral (rhombic dodecahedral) particles of approximately 1.0–3.0 μm, as seen by Scanning Electron Microscopy, SEM , in Figure 1.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…TEM images clearly show the presence of carbon nanotubes on the surface of these last samples obtained at 900 °C (15 nm diameter) (Figure 1f). Dense particles (ca 30 nm diameter) embedded within the carbon matrix, have already been identified as metallic Co nanoparticles through SAED (small area electron diffraction) [29] …”
The reaction products between in situ generated Co(OH)2 and 2‐methylimidazole were studied and characterized. Using 9 fold excess of ligand, the well studied polyhedral (dodecahedral) particles (1–3 μm diameter) of the zeolitic imidazolate framework were obtained, i. e. ZIF‐67. When a stoichiometric amount of 2‐methylimidazole was employed, amorphous spheres of ca 500 nm diameter were obtained with low dispersion in size. Both samples were pyrolyzed at 700 and 900 °C under inert atmosphere. The external morphology was kept, however TEM images of the spherical particles showed that they were mainly composed of carbon nanotubes. Co nanoparticles embedded in the carbonaceous matrix could be observed in both samples. The activity of the pyrolyzed (700 and 900 °C) acid leached samples towards the Oxygen Reduction Reaction was studied. Upon the same thermal treatment both types of samples showed similar electrokinetic parameters.
“…TEM images of the ZIF‐67 polyhedra (900 °C) (Figure 1e) revealed the presence of macropores of ca 100 nm diameter and Co nanoparticles of ca 20 nm [29–30] . Although carbon nanotubes have been detected in some ZIF‐67 polyhedra derived samples, [31] this was not the case in this study.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 51%
“…In previous reports from us, [29] ZIF‐67 was synthesized from Co(OH) 2 as catalyst precursor for the ORR. Using 9‐fold molar ratio of 2‐methylimidazole (HMeIm) over Co 2+ ions, formation of the very well studied phase of ZIF‐67 was achieved (CSD code GITTOT), [12b] which shows the typical polyhedral (rhombic dodecahedral) particles of approximately 1.0–3.0 μm, as seen by Scanning Electron Microscopy, SEM , in Figure 1.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…TEM images clearly show the presence of carbon nanotubes on the surface of these last samples obtained at 900 °C (15 nm diameter) (Figure 1f). Dense particles (ca 30 nm diameter) embedded within the carbon matrix, have already been identified as metallic Co nanoparticles through SAED (small area electron diffraction) [29] …”
The reaction products between in situ generated Co(OH)2 and 2‐methylimidazole were studied and characterized. Using 9 fold excess of ligand, the well studied polyhedral (dodecahedral) particles (1–3 μm diameter) of the zeolitic imidazolate framework were obtained, i. e. ZIF‐67. When a stoichiometric amount of 2‐methylimidazole was employed, amorphous spheres of ca 500 nm diameter were obtained with low dispersion in size. Both samples were pyrolyzed at 700 and 900 °C under inert atmosphere. The external morphology was kept, however TEM images of the spherical particles showed that they were mainly composed of carbon nanotubes. Co nanoparticles embedded in the carbonaceous matrix could be observed in both samples. The activity of the pyrolyzed (700 and 900 °C) acid leached samples towards the Oxygen Reduction Reaction was studied. Upon the same thermal treatment both types of samples showed similar electrokinetic parameters.
“…Notably, the maximum capacitance value can also be compared with that of recent reports on MOFs-based electrodes. [6][7][8]11,16,17,[30][31][32][33] These results suggest that introduction of CNTs not only inuences the exterior morphology and thus further affects the surface area, the interface effect and synergy effect of the composite, but also indeed improves the resulting electrochemical performances through its morphology discrepancy. 20,21 Aer carefully checking from the table, the second discrepancy is generated, that is, the distinct rate capability.…”
CNT-supported Ni-triazole hybrids with various morphologies, MMOF wrapped CNTs, CNTs entangled with MMOF and CNTs attached on MMOFs, have been synthesized and investigated through electrochemical measurements.
“…Co and N co-doped mesoporous carbons were synthesized from the carbonization of N-heterocyclic ligands containing four Co-coordination compounds [107]. Different carbonization temperatures (700 • C or 900 • C, 2 h, N 2 flow) and subsequent 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 etching process were applied.…”
Numerously different porous carbons have been prepared and used in a wide range of practical applications. Porous carbons are also ideal electrode materials for efficient energy storage devices due to their large surface areas, capacious pore spaces, and superior chemical stability compared to other porous materials. Not only the electrical double-layer capacitance (EDLC)-based charge storage but also the pseudocapacitance driven by various dopants in the carbon matrix plays a significant role in enhancing the electrochemical supercapacitive performance of porous carbons. Since the electrochemical capacitive activities are primarily based on EDLC and further enhanced by pseudocapacitance, high-surface carbons are desirable for these applications. The porosity of carbons plays a crucial role in enhancing the performance as well. We have recently witnessed that metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) could be very effective self-sacrificing templates, or precursors, for new high-surface carbons for supercapacitors, or ultracapacitors. Many MOFs can be self-sacrificing precursors for carbonaceous porous materials in a simple yet effective direct carbonization to produce porous carbons. The constituent metal ions can be either completely removed during the carbonization or transformed into valuable redox-active centers for additional faradaic reactions to enhance the electrochemical performance of carbon electrodes. Some heteroatoms of the bridging ligands and solvate molecules can be easily incorporated into carbon matrices to generate heteroatom-doped carbons with pseudocapacitive behavior and good surface wettability. We categorized these MOF-derived porous carbons into three main types: (i) pure and heteroatom-doped carbons, (ii) metallic nanoparticle-containing carbons, and (iii) carbon-based composites with other carbon-based materials or redox-active metal species. Based on these cases summarized in this review, new MOF-derived porous carbons with much enhanced capacitive performance and stability will be envisioned.
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