Co-modified 3D printed β-tricalcium phosphate with magnesium and selenium promotes bone defect regeneration in ovariectomized rat

Abstract

Magnesium (Mg) and Selenium (Se) are essential elements for bone health and have been studied extensively for its powerful osteogenesis and promoting bone regeneration. The purpose was to observe whether Co-modified 3D-printed β-tricalcium phosphate with Mg and Se could promote bone defect regeneration in an ovariectomized(OVX) rat model. The MC3T3-E1 cells were co-cultured with the leachate of β-TCP, Mg-TCP, and Mg/Se-TCP and induced to osteogenesis, and the cell viability, ROS, and osteogenic activity were observed by Cell Count Kit-8(CCK-8), fluorescent probe 2′, 7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate, Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, Alizarin Red(RES) staining, western blotting(WB), and immunofluorescence. Then the β-TCP, Mg-TCP, and Mg/Se-TCP were implanted into the femoral epiphysis bone defect model of OVX rats for 12 weeks. Micro-CT and histology analysis were used to observe the therapeutic effect. In vitro results show that the cell mineralization and osteogenic activity of the Mg/Se-TCP group is significantly higher than the β-TCP group and Mg-TCP group. Protein expressions such as FOxO1, SIRT1, SOD2, Runx-2, Cola1a, and OC of the Mg/Se-TCP group are significantly higher than the Con group and the β-TCP group. The results of intracellular ROS and SIRT1 and SOD2 immunofluorescence showed that Mg/Se-TCP can restore the oxidative stress balance of osteoblasts. Micro-CT and histology analysis showed that treatment with Mg/Se-TCP showed the largest amount of bone tissue in the defect area (p < 0.05), and exhibited lower values of residual biological material (p < 0.05), compared to that of the β-TCP group and Mg-TCP group. Our research results confirm that Mg/Se-TCP can improve the activity and function of osteoblasts and enhance bone regeneration mediated by reducing intracellular ROS in OVX rat models. Graphical Abstract

Astaxanthin prevents bone loss in osteoporotic rats with palmitic acid through suppressing oxidative stress

“…The section is required to be 5 µm thick, and the focus of the observations is on the distal femur. Then, Hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining and Masson staining were observed and pathological pictures were obtained for analysis according to previous reports [ 22 , 23 ].…”

“…After that, anti-Osteocalcin (OC, 1:100, Abcam, UK), anti-Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP, 1:100, Abcam, UK) and anti-rat secondary antibody (Beyotime Biotechnology Co., LTD, China) were dyed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Finally, sections were observed under a fluorescence microscope, and images were collected and analyzed according to previous reports [ 22 , 23 ].…”

Favorable osteogenic activity of vericiguat doped in β-tricalcium phosphate: In vitro and in vivo studies

“…The femur's newly formed bone was assessed and scanned using Micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT, Skyscan 1176, Bruker Belgium SA) in various rat groups, following the methods described in previous studies. [25][26][27] The scanning parameters were configured as follows: a voltage of 70 keV; a current of 114 µA; spatial resolution ranging from 100 to 200 μm; slice thickness of 120 μm with a feed of 60 μm and pixel size of 60 μm. Computer-assisted calculations were employed to determine the trabecular parameters and bone mineral density at the distal femur.…”