Co-localised phosphorus mobilization processes in the rhizosphere of field-grown maize jointly contribute to plant nutrition

Bilyera, Nataliya; Hummel, Christina; Daudin, Gabrielle; Santangeli, Michael; Zhang, Xuechen; Santner, Jakob; Lippold, Eva; Schlüter, Steffen; Bertrand, Isabelle; Wenzel, Walter W.; Spielvogel, Sandra; Vetterlein, Doris; Razavi, Bahar S.; Oburger, Eva

doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108497

Cited by 31 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…We specifically found that root tips have a higher pEA root of acid phosphatase (AP), b-glucosidase (BG), leucineamino-peptidase (LAP), and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG) than the basal root segments. Similar, Bilyera et al (2022) reported that AP activity was slightly greater at younger root tissue than at older ones. The further discussion is based on the enzymatic activity of root tips, which generally show the same pEA root pattern between grafts as basal root segments.…”

Section: Figuresupporting

confidence: 67%

“…However, architectural or morphological adaptations might often not be sufficient to balance plants resource budgets: changes in metabolic activities, i.e., RRR ( Amthor et al., 2019 ) and root and rhizosphere modifications to increase nutrient availability and uptake ( Bilyera et al., 2022 ), are other alternatives. Significant differences exist between CC and Ls regarding RRR, with the latter one holding an about 20% higher RRR (beside M/Ls).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Values given throughout the text are means ± standard error (SE). Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to estimate the strength of relationships of resource acquisition root traits with AP, BG, LAP, and NAG pEA root , and the respective correlograms were performed via STHDA (2022). Furthermore, in order to produce a graphical evaluation of root trait relationship, a heatmap analysis was performed via the ClustVis (2022) program package.…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scions impact biomass allocation and root enzymatic activity of rootstocks in grafted melon and watermelon plants

et al. 2022

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Vegetable grafting is increasingly recognized as an effective and sustainable plant production alternative. Grafted plants usually show increased uptake of water and minerals compared with self-rooted plants, mostly thought a consequence of the vigorous rootstocks selected. However, while studies frequently addressed the effects of rootstocks on the performance of scions, knowledge on the influences of scions on biomass allocation, morphology, and metabolic activity of roots is rare. In particular, the plasticity of root traits affecting resource acquisition and its efficiency remains poorly understood. Two different rootstock species, Cucurbita maxima × Cucurbita moschata and Lagenaria siceraria, were grafted in combination with melon (Cucumis melo) and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus). Self-grafted rootstocks were used as control. Plant biomass and root traits were determined after destructive harvesting 30 and/or 60 days after grafting. Traits included biomass allocation, leaf and root morphology, potential activities of four extracellular enzymes on root tips and basal root segments, and root respiration. Successfully grafted scions increase the ratio of root to whole plant dry matter (RMF), and increased ratios of root length to whole plant dry matter (RLR) and to plant leaf area (RL : LA). In contrast, morphological root traits such as diameter, tissue density, and specific root length remain surprisingly stable, and thus scion-induced changes of those traits may only play a minor role for the beneficial effects of grafting in Cucurbitaceae. Incompatibility in melon/L. siceraria grafts, however, was likely responsible for the reduced root growth in combination with clear changes in root morphological traits. Reduced root respiration rates seem to be the effects of a non-compatible rootstock–scion combination rather than an active, C-efficiency increasing acclimation. In contrast, heterografts with melon and watermelon frequently resulted in root-stock-specific, often enhanced potential enzymatic activities of acid phosphatase, β-glucosidase, leucine-amino-peptidase, and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase both at root tips and basal parts of lateral roots—presenting a potential and complementary mechanism of grafted plants to enhance nutrient foraging. The studied melon and watermelon scions may thus increase the nutrient foraging capacity of grafted plants by fostering the relative allocation of C to the root system, and enhancing the extracellular enzymatic activities governed by roots or their rhizobiome.

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Section: Figuresupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scions impact biomass allocation and root enzymatic activity of rootstocks in grafted melon and watermelon plants

et al. 2022

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“…The P concentration in young leaves indicate that P availability was lower for sand during the later growth stages (BBCH 19, BBCH 59). For sand, unlike loam, initial plant available P concentration and total P concentration (Bilyera et al 2021;Vetterlein et al 2021) have been very low (8.3 and 53 mg kg −1 respectively). Thus, plants in the sand plots relied to a larger extent on surface-applied fertiliser, and when this was depleted or no longer available due to drying of the topsoil, the only viable adaptation strategy was to tap into a larger soil volume (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root hairs matter at field scale for maize shoot growth and nutrient uptake, but root trait plasticity is primarily triggered by texture and drought

et al. 2022

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Aims Root hairs are important for uptake, especially for nutrients with low mobility in soils with high sorption capacity. Mutants with defective root hairs are expected to have lower nutrient uptake, unless they compensate with more root growth. Since root hairs can also contribute to the plant's water uptake their importance could change over the course of a growing season. It was our objective to investigate the role of root hairs under field conditions. Methods The root hair mutant rth3 of Zea mays and the corresponding wild-type were grown for two years under field conditions on sand and loam. Results Shoot growth and P and K uptake of the plants were promoted by the presence of hairs at all growth stages. Differences between genotypes were greater on loam than on sand until tassel emergence, presumably as additional exploitation by hairs is more relevant in loam. Compensation for the absence of root hairs by increased root growth was not observed in absolute terms. The root to shoot ratio was higher for rth3 than for wild-type. Root traits showed high plasticity in response to texture, the most salient being a greater mean root diameter in sand, irrespective of genotype. The mechanism causing the increase in mean root diameter is still unknown. Root length density was higher in sand, which can be explained by a greater need for exploration than exploitation in this substrate. Conclusion The role of hairs for nutrient uptake could be confirmed under field conditions. The large impact of texture on root growth and consequences for carbon balance require further investigations.

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“…For example, mucilage secretion facilitates root P uptake by modifying soil physical characteristics, such as increasing soil hydraulic conductivity and decreasing P i adsorption to soil surfaces (Zarebanadkouki et al, 2019 ). Mucilage also affects phosphatase activity by establishing a moist biofilm-like environment (Ahmed et al, 2018 ; Bilyera et al, 2022 ). Similarly, LMWOAs have been shown to enhance the desorption of sparingly soluble phosphate monoesters via acidification, chelation, and exchange reactions, thus acting synergistically with phosphatases in mineralizing soil P o (Lambers et al, 2015 ; Koester et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Phase Conceptual Framework of Phosphatase Activity and Phosphorus Bioavailability

et al. 2022

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The activity of extracellular phosphatases is a dynamic process controlled by both plant roots and microorganisms, which is responsible for the mineralization of soil phosphorus (P). Plants regulate the availability of soil P through the release of root mucilage and the exudation of low-molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs). Mucilage increases soil hydraulic conductivity as well as pore connectivity, both of which are associated with increased phosphatase activity. The LMWOAs, in turn, stimulate the mineralization of soil P through their synergistic effects of acidification, chelation, and exchange reactions. This article reviews the catalytic properties of extracellular phosphatases and their interactions with the rhizosphere interfaces. We observed a biphasic effect of root metabolic products on extracellular phosphatases, which notably altered their catalytic mechanism. In accordance with the proposed conceptual framework, soil P is acquired by both plants and microorganisms in a coupled manner that is characterized by the exudation of their metabolic products. Due to inactive or reduced root exudation, plants recycle P through adsorption on the soil matrix, thereby reducing the rhizosphere phosphatase activity. The two-phase conceptual framework might assist in understanding P-acquisition (substrate turnover) and P-restoration (phosphatase adsorption by soil) in various terrestrial ecosystems.

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Co-localised phosphorus mobilization processes in the rhizosphere of field-grown maize jointly contribute to plant nutrition

Cited by 31 publications

References 79 publications

Scions impact biomass allocation and root enzymatic activity of rootstocks in grafted melon and watermelon plants

Scions impact biomass allocation and root enzymatic activity of rootstocks in grafted melon and watermelon plants

Root hairs matter at field scale for maize shoot growth and nutrient uptake, but root trait plasticity is primarily triggered by texture and drought

Two-Phase Conceptual Framework of Phosphatase Activity and Phosphorus Bioavailability

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