Co-isolation of proteolipids and calcium-phospholipid-phosphate complexes

Boyan, Barbara D.; Boskey, Adele L.

doi:10.1007/bf02405320

Cited by 44 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…We have notified the ATCC of the corrected identifications of C. durum strains ATCC 33449 and ATCC 33822. C. matruchotii has been used by a number of researchers as a microbiologic model for intracellular calcification (1,3,8,9,21,25). The organism has provided valuable information regarding calcification of bioprostheses (17), dental plaque (10), and the principles of membrane-mediated proteolipid-dependent calcification in vertebrate systems (2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity within Reference Strains of Corynebacterium matruchotii Includes Corynebacterium durum and a Novel Organism

et al. 2001

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Corynebacterium matruchotii has been the subject of numerous dental pathogenesis studies. The purpose of the present study was to resolve concerns about diversity within the reference strains of C. matruchotii through analysis of seven strains procured from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Analysis of whole-cell fatty acid profiles with the library generation software of Microbial ID Inc. revealed that three types of organisms have been deposited in the ATCC as C. matruchotii. These three groups of organisms were also distinguishable by DNA-DNA dot blot hybridization, by sequences of two hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene, and by the pyrrolidonyl arylamidase test. These studies indicate that two C. matruchotii reference strains, ATCC 33449 and ATCC 33822, are members of the recently proposed species, Corynebacterium durum. The colonial morphology and biochemical reactions of the C. durum strains are more diverse than originally reported. Strain ATCC 43833 is unique and represents a novel species. In addition to the type strain, ATCC 14266, true members of the species C. matruchotii include ATCC strains 14265, 33806, and 43832 plus two reference strains, L2 and Richardson 13, which comprise the vast majority of strains used in dental pathogenesis research with this species.The seminal paper by Gilmour et al. (13) provided an accurate description of Bacterionema matruchotii and clearly distinguished it from members of the genus Leptotrichia and from other organisms with which it had been confused, including Cladothrix matruchotii, Leptothrix buccalis, Leptotrichia buccalis, and Leptotrichia dentium. Based on chemotaxonomic characteristics, Bacterionema matruchotii was assigned to the genus Corynebacterium by Collins et al. in 1982 (5).When this laboratory evaluated the API Rapid CORYNE identification system (Biomérieux Vitek, Inc., Hazelwood, Mo.), it was discovered that reactions of Corynebacterium matruchotii had been omitted from its database (12). Since the database included most other recognized Corynebacterium species of human origin, we suspected that the developers had encountered some unresolvable discrepancies with representative strains of this species. To explore this possibility, we purchased all strains of C. matruchotii available at the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Because a large body of work has been published on the possible role of C. matruchotii in the pathogenesis of dental plaque, caries, and periodontitis, we also included two additional strains of C. matruchotii that were used in many of these studies, namely strain L2 and Richardson's strain 13 (22, 23).The present study was designed to examine the taxonomic relatedness of commercially available and other reference strains of C. matruchotii. The question was addressed on the basis of whole-cell fatty acid analyses, DNA-DNA dot blot hybridizations, sequencing of two hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene, and biochemical reactions. The results indicate that the seven ATCC strains deposited as C. matruchot...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity within Reference Strains of Corynebacterium matruchotii Includes Corynebacterium durum and a Novel Organism

et al. 2001

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“…PS-Ca 2ϩ -P i complexes (PS-CPLX) are present at the early stages of almost all calcifying tissues as follows: growth plate cartilage (14), tumors (15), bone (16), and especially MV (8). Synthetic PS-CPLX formed in the absence of Mg 2ϩ has been found to be a powerful nucleator that rapidly induces hydroxyapatite (HA) formation when incubated in SCL (3,4); however, when formed from Mg 2ϩ -and HCO 3 Ϫ -containing P i -rich buffers, PS-CPLXs are weak nucleators unless certain lipophilic proteins (17,18), such as the annexins (5,6), are also included. Annexin-A5, a major lipid-dependent Ca 2ϩ -binding protein of MV (19 -22), potently activates the nucleational activity of Mg 2ϩ -containing PS-CPLX (5).…”

Section: One Of the Essential Features Of Mineral-inducing Matrix Vesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis and Molecular Modeling of the Formation, Structure, and Activity of the Phosphatidylserine-Calcium-Phosphate Complex Associated with Biomineralization

Genge

Wuthier

2008

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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The nucleational core of matrix vesicles contains a complex (CPLX) of phosphatidylserine (PS), Ca 2؉ , and inorganic phosphate (P i ) that is important to both normal and pathological calcification. Factors required for PS-CPLX formation and nucleational activity were studied using in vitro model systems and molecular dynamic simulations. Ca 2؉ levels required for and rates of PS-CPLX formation were monitored by light scattering at 340 nm, assessing changes in amount and particle size. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to explore changes in chemical structure and composition. Washing with pH 5 buffer was used to examine the role of amorphous calcium phosphate in CPLX nucleational activity, which was assessed by incubation in synthetic cartilage lymph with varied pH values. Addition of 4 Ca 2؉ /PS was minimally required to form viable complexes. During the critical first 10-min reaction period, rapid reduction in particle size signaled changes in PS-CPLX structure. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed increasing mineral phosphate that became progressively deprotonated to PO 4 3؊ . This Ca 2؉ -mediated effect was mimicked in part by increasing the Ca 2؉ /PS reaction ratio. Molecular dynamic simulations provided key insight into initial interactions between Ca 2؉ and P i and the carboxyl, amino, and phosphodiester groups of PS. Deduced interatomic distances agreed closely with previous radial distribution function x-ray-absorption fine structure measurements, except for an elongated Ca 2؉ -N distance, suggesting additional changes in atomic structure during the critical 10-min ripening period. These findings clarify the process of PS-CPLX formation, reveal details of its structure, and provide insight into its role as a nucleator of crystalline calcium phosphate mineral formation. One of the essential features of mineral-inducing matrix vesicles (MV)2 is the presence of a nucleation core (1, 2) that contains lipid-calcium-phosphate complexes (CPLX) capable of inducing mineral formation when incubated in a synthetic cartilage lymph (SCL) (3-6). A critical component of CPLX is the acidic phospholipid, phosphatidylserine (PS) (3,7,8), which is known to have a high affinity for Ca 2ϩ (9,10). PS is largely confined to the inner leaflet of the MV membrane (11), and electron micrographs of calcifying MV show the electrondense calcium phosphate precipitate juxtaposed along the inner leaflet of the MV membrane (12).Discovery of the nucleation core stems from the early finding that acidic phospholipids, especially PS, are complexed with Ca 2ϩ at sites of early mineralization (13,14). PS-Ca 2ϩ -P i complexes (PS-CPLX) are present at the early stages of almost all calcifying tissues as follows: growth plate cartilage (14), tumors (15), bone (16), and especially MV (8). Synthetic PS-CPLX formed in the absence of Mg 2ϩ has been found to be a powerful nucleator that rapidly induces hydroxyapatite (HA) formation when incubated in SCL (3, 4); however, when formed from Mg 2ϩ -and HCO 3 Ϫ -containing P i -r...

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“…It has been reported that initial deposition of apatite in calcifying bacteria is associated with membrane or acidic membrane-associated components (Boyan and Boskey, 1984). Although the levels of acidic phospholipids, principally phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol, are generally low in biologic membranes compared with some other lipids, acidic phospholipids are the key components of the membranes involved in microbial calcification.…”

Section: (E) Microbial Mineralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supragingival Calculus: Formation and Control

Yip

2002

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

151

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Dental calculus is composed of inorganic components and organic matrix. Brushite, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, octacalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and whitlockite form the mineral part of dental calculus. Salivary proteins selectively adsorb on the tooth surface to form an acquired pellicle. It is followed by the adherence of various oral micro-organisms. Fimbriae, flagella, and some other surface proteins are essential for microbial adherence. Microbial co-aggregation and co-adhesion enable some micro-organisms, which are incapable of adhering, to adhere to the pellicle-coated tooth surface. Once organisms attach to the tooth surface, new genes could be expressed so that mature dental plaque can form and biofilm bacteria assume increased resistance to antimicrobial agents. Supersaturation of saliva and plaque fluid with respect to calcium phosphates is the driving force for plaque mineralization. Both salivary flow rate and plaque pH appear to influence the saturation degree of calcium phosphates. Acidic phospholipids and specific proteolipids present in cell membranes play a key role in microbial mineralization. The roles of crystal growth inhibitors, promoters, and organic acids in calculus formation are discussed. Application of biofilm culture systems in plaque mineralization is concisely reviewed. Anti-calculus agents used-centering on triclosan plus polyvinyl methyl ether/maleic acid copolymer, pyrophosphate plus polyvinyl methyl ether/maleic acid copolymer, and zinc ion-in commercial dentifrices are also discussed in this paper.

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Co-isolation of proteolipids and calcium-phospholipid-phosphate complexes

Cited by 44 publications

References 14 publications

Diversity within Reference Strains of Corynebacterium matruchotii Includes Corynebacterium durum and a Novel Organism

Diversity within Reference Strains of Corynebacterium matruchotii Includes Corynebacterium durum and a Novel Organism

Analysis and Molecular Modeling of the Formation, Structure, and Activity of the Phosphatidylserine-Calcium-Phosphate Complex Associated with Biomineralization

Supragingival Calculus: Formation and Control

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