Co-infection with different subtypes of feline immunodeficiency virus can complicate subtype assignment by phylogenetic analysis

Kann, R.; Seddon, Jennifer M.; Kyaw-Tanner, Myat T.; Meers, J.

doi:10.1007/s00705-007-0940-2

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Fca , Retroviruses have been documented to have relatively rapid rates of recombination due to the presence of a diploid genome (that is, two identical copies of ssRNA) and the occurrence of multiple infection (Hu and Temin, 1990). Naturally-occurring multiple FIV Fca , infection, either as a result of co-infection or superinfection, has been identified in cats from Australia, USA and NZ (Kyaw-Tanner and Robinson, 1996;Bachmann et al, 1997;Kann et al, 2007;Hayward and Rodrigo, 2008). Several of these cases involve two strains of the same subtype (Kyaw-Tanner and Robinson, 1996;Hayward and Rodrigo, 2008).…”

Section: Recombination In Fivmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology of feline immunodeficiency virus in the domestic cat (Felis catus)

Hayward

Rodrigo

2010

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

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Studying the evolutionary mechanisms of feline immunodeficiency virus in the domestic cat (Felis catus), FIV Fca , provides a good comparison to other lentiviruses, such as HIV and FIV Pco in the cougar (Puma concolor). We review the current epidemiological and evolutionary findings of FIV Fca ,. In addition to the five accepted FIV Fca , subtypes, several recent phylogenetic studies have found strains that form separate clades, indicative of novel subtypes. In New Zealand cats, these strains of unknown subtype have been found to be involved in complex patterns of intergenic recombination, and whole genome sequences are required to resolve these. Evidence of recombination events has been documented with the highest levels in the env gene, the region involved in host cell receptor recognition. Several cases of FIV Fca , multiple infection, both interand intra-subtype, have been reported. The findings of both unknown subtypes and relatively high levels of recombination suggest the need for further testing of the current vaccine. Limited studies on the evolutionary rate of FIV Fca , document a value twice to three times that of FIV in the cougar, a result suggesting the different levels of co-adaptation between the viruses and their respective hosts. We studied the tissue distribution of FIV Fca , in feral domestic cats, finding the first case of FIV compartmentalisation, a phenomenon well-documented in HIV-1 patients.

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Section: Recombination In Fivmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology of feline immunodeficiency virus in the domestic cat (Felis catus)

Hayward

Rodrigo

2010

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

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“…Neither the prevalence of FIV infection in Brazil nor all prevailing subtypes are known. Identification of circulating subtypes from different areas of Brazil is essential to develop strategies for molecular diagnosis, since the genetic diversity is high [18]. A recent publication declared that Brazilian FIV strains and their epidemic spread have not been deeply characterized [22].…”

Section: Element (Ccctttgaggaagatgtgtcatatgaatccatt) Incorporating Mluimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Like other lentiviruses, FIV exhibits extensive genetic variation [18,32]. The pol and gag genes encode viral enzymes and core proteins respectively, and are relatively highly conserved.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies identified distinct groups of FIV isolates from the Unites States and New Zealand [40,10]. Although genetic subtyping, in general, is based on nucleotide sequences from gag [4], [12], the high varia bility of the lentiviral env gene makes it the preferred region for subtyping [18]. The env region contains determinants important for cell tropism, cytopathogenicity, and infectivity and prominent immunoreactive domains [21,26,34].…”

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Genetic diversity of Brazilian isolates of feline immunodeficiency virus

et al. 2010

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Summary. We isolated Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)fromAll amplified env gene products were cloned directly into pGL8 MYA . The nucleic acid sequences of seven clones were determined and then compared with those of previously described isolates. The sequences of all of the Brazilian virus clones were distinct and phylogenetic analysis revealed that all belong to subtype B. Three variants isolated from one cat and two variants were isolated from each of the two other cats, indicating that intrahost diversity has the potential to pose problems for the treatment and diagnosis of FIV infection.

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“…Recombination may modify viral properties and aid adaptation to new host species. This applies also to RNA viruses infecting cats and dogs; for example, group 1 feline and canine coronaviruses [8,21], feline calicivirus [4], feline immunodeficiency virus [2,7,10,29], and canine distemper virus [6]. Recently Shackelton et al [31] found some evidence of natural recombination among porcine, mink, and rodent parvoviruses by analyzing the genetic data deposited in databases, and discussed the possibility that recombination may be important in the natural evolution of parvoviruses, especially in circumstances where parvoviruses cause persistent infections.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for Recombination Between Feline Panleukopenia Virus and Canine Parvovirus Type 2

Ohshima

Mochizuki

2009

J. Vet. Med. Sci.

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ABSTRACT. Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV) is a virulent pathogen that emerged in the late 1970s, probably originating from feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV) or a closely related carnivore parvovirus belonging to the feline parvovirus (FPV) subspecies. In contrast to FPLV, CPV has evolved rapidly since its emergence. The original antigenic type of CPV disappeared more than two decades ago and several new antigenic as well as genetic CPV variants have appeared and spread in the field. Both high mutation rate and positive selection of mutations in the capsid gene appear to be the driving force for such rapid evolution. In addition, genetic recombination has been assessed as a factor in parvovirus evolution. Recently, we provided the first evidence of inter-antigenic type recombination of CPV in nature. Here, an inter-FPV subspecies recombinant was revealed by analyzing the genetic data deposited in databases with several recombination detection programs, and by phylogeny. FPLV strain XJ-1, submitted by Su et al., Harbin, China in 2007 (GenBank accession no. EF988660), was most likely generated by recombination between CPV and FPLV. Its genome was generally composed of the NS1 gene of CPV origin and the VP1 gene of FPLV origin. This is the first demonstration of recombination between different FPV subspecies in nature. Consequently, recombination should be considered as an element in the generation and evolution of parvoviruses of the FPV subspecies.

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Co-infection with different subtypes of feline immunodeficiency virus can complicate subtype assignment by phylogenetic analysis

Cited by 14 publications

References 23 publications

Molecular epidemiology of feline immunodeficiency virus in the domestic cat (Felis catus)

Molecular epidemiology of feline immunodeficiency virus in the domestic cat (Felis catus)

Genetic diversity of Brazilian isolates of feline immunodeficiency virus

Evidence for Recombination Between Feline Panleukopenia Virus and Canine Parvovirus Type 2

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