Co‐infection patterns and geographic distribution of a complex pathosystem targeted by pathogen‐resistant plants

Biddle, Julianne; Linde, Celeste C.; Godfree, Robert C.

doi:10.1890/11-0341.1

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…We surveyed variation in virus infection prevalence within 12 P. lanceolata populations and found variation in infection prevalence among the populations. This is in line with other studies that have investigated the distribution of viruses in wild plant populations (Biddle, Linde & Godfree, 2012; Fraile et al, 2017; Pagán et al, 2012; Rodriguez-Nevado, Montes & Pagan, 2017). The diversity indices we used to characterize the local virus communities showed that it is not only virus infection prevalence that varies among the populations, but also the diversity of the local virus communities.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Diverse and variable virus communities in wild plant populations revealed by metagenomic tools

Susi

Filloux

Frilander

et al. 2019

PeerJ

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Wild plant populations may harbour a myriad of unknown viruses. As the majority of research efforts have targeted economically important plant species, the diversity and prevalence of viruses in the wild has remained largely unknown. However, the recent shift towards metagenomics-based sequencing methodologies, especially those targeting small RNAs, is finally enabling virus discovery from wild hosts. Understanding this diversity of potentially pathogenic microbes in the wild can offer insights into the components of natural biodiversity that promotes long-term coexistence between hosts and parasites in nature, and help predict when and where risks of disease emergence are highest. Here, we used small RNA deep sequencing to identify viruses in Plantago lanceolata populations, and to understand the variation in their prevalence and distribution across the Åland Islands, South-West Finland. By subsequent design of PCR primers, we screened the five most common viruses from two sets of P. lanceolata plants: 164 plants collected from 12 populations irrespective of symptoms, and 90 plants collected from five populations showing conspicuous viral symptoms. In addition to the previously reported species Plantago lanceolata latent virus (PlLV), we found four potentially novel virus species belonging to Caulimovirus, Betapartitivirus, Enamovirus, and Closterovirus genera. Our results show that virus prevalence and diversity varied among the sampled host populations. In six of the virus infected populations only a single virus species was detected, while five of the populations supported between two to five of the studied virus species. In 20% of the infected plants, viruses occurred as coinfections. When the relationship between conspicuous viral symptoms and virus infection was investigated, we found that plants showing symptoms were usually infected (84%), but virus infections were also detected from asymptomatic plants (44%). Jointly, these results reveal a diverse virus community with newly developed tools and protocols that offer exciting opportunities for future studies on the eco-evolutionary dynamics of viruses infecting plants in the wild.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Diverse and variable virus communities in wild plant populations revealed by metagenomic tools

Susi

Filloux

Frilander

et al. 2019

PeerJ

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“…In a broader context, results from this work along with others (Godfree et al ., ; Biddle et al ., ) inform predictions on the effects of novel traits, such as transgenes, on wild populations. One ecological risk associated with the use of transgenic crops is the introgression of transgenes into wild populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of virus on plant fecundity and population dynamics

2014

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SummaryMicroorganisms are ubiquitous and thought to regulate host populations. Although microorganisms can be pathogenic and affect components of fitness, few studies have examined their effects on wild plant populations. As individual traits might not contribute equally to changes in population growth rate, it is essential to examine the entire life cycle to determine how microorganisms affect host population dynamics.In this study, we used data from common garden experiments with plants from three Cucurbita pepo populations exposed to three virus treatments. These data were used to parameterize a deterministic matrix model, which allowed us to estimate the effect of virus on components of fitness and population growth rate.Virus did not reduce fruit number, but population growth rates varied among virus treatments and wild C. pepo populations. The effect of virus on population growth rate depended on virus species and wild C. pepo population.Contributions of life-history transitions and life-history traits to population growth rates varied among populations and virus treatments. However, this population-virus interaction was not evident when examining individual components of fitness. Thus, caution must be used when interpreting the effects of changes in individual traits, as single traits do not always predict population-level change accurately.

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“…; Biddle et al. ; Pilosof et al. ), and even less is known about the spatial and temporal drivers of coinfection.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, limited data are available on how the prevalence of coinfection is distributed within and between host individuals and populations (Linde et al 2002;Perez et al 2010;Telfer et al 2010;Biddle et al 2012;Pilosof et al 2014), and even less is known about the spatial and temporal drivers of coinfection. Host populations with high plant species diversity are shown to have fewer coinfections than populations with low plant species diversity (Rottstock et al 2014), and environmental conditions (e.g., latitude) can also explain coinfection frequencies within populations .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Host resistance and pathogen aggressiveness are key determinants of coinfection in the wild

Susi¹,

Laine²

2017

Evolution

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Coinfection, whereby the same host is infected by more than one pathogen strain, may favor faster host exploitation rates as strains compete for the same limited resources. Hence, coinfection is expected to have major consequences for pathogen evolution, virulence, and epidemiology. Theory predicts genetic variation in host resistance and pathogen infectivity to play a key role in how coinfections are formed. The limited number of studies available has demonstrated coinfection to be a common phenomenon, but little is known about how coinfection varies in space, and what its determinants are. Our aim is to understand how variation in host resistance and pathogen infectivity and aggressiveness contribute to how coinfections are formed in the interaction between fungal pathogen Podosphaera plantaginis and Plantago lanceolata. Our phenotyping study reveals that more aggressive strains are more likely to form coinfections than less aggressive strains in the natural populations. In the natural populations most of the variation in coinfection is found at the individual plant level, and results from a common garden study confirm the prevalence of coinfection to vary significantly among host genotypes. These results show that genetic variation in both the host and pathogen populations are key determinants of coinfection in the wild.

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Co‐infection patterns and geographic distribution of a complex pathosystem targeted by pathogen‐resistant plants

Cited by 12 publications

References 63 publications

Diverse and variable virus communities in wild plant populations revealed by metagenomic tools

Diverse and variable virus communities in wild plant populations revealed by metagenomic tools

Effects of virus on plant fecundity and population dynamics

Host resistance and pathogen aggressiveness are key determinants of coinfection in the wild

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