Effects of virus on plant fecundity and population dynamics

Prendeville, Holly R.; Tenhumberg, Brigitte; Pilson, Diana

doi:10.1111/nph.12730

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Therefore, the most probable explanation of our observed low incidences of mixed infections may be inefficient vector transmission of viruses between the wild plants or between cultivated and wild plants [31] and/or high levels of virus resistance in wild species preventing infection or keeping virus titers at undetectable levels [12, 82]. Furthermore, synergistic or additive effects of multiple virus infections causing severe disease could have eliminated co-infected plants [1–2, 5, 83–86]. These effects can vary among populations [12, 87, 88], species [89] and environments [75, 90, 91].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed Infections of Four Viruses, the Incidence and Phylogenetic Relationships of Sweet Potato Chlorotic Fleck Virus (Betaflexiviridae) Isolates in Wild Species and Sweetpotatoes in Uganda and Evidence of Distinct Isolates in East Africa

2016

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Viruses infecting wild flora may have a significant negative impact on nearby crops, and vice-versa. Only limited information is available on wild species able to host economically important viruses that infect sweetpotatoes (Ipomoea batatas). In this study, Sweet potato chlorotic fleck virus (SPCFV; Carlavirus, Betaflexiviridae) and Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV; Crinivirus, Closteroviridae) were surveyed in wild plants of family Convolvulaceae (genera Astripomoea, Ipomoea, Hewittia and Lepistemon) in Uganda. Plants belonging to 26 wild species, including annuals, biannuals and perennials from four agro-ecological zones, were observed for virus-like symptoms in 2004 and 2007 and sampled for virus testing. SPCFV was detected in 84 (2.9%) of 2864 plants tested from 17 species. SPCSV was detected in 66 (5.4%) of the 1224 plants from 12 species sampled in 2007. Some SPCSV-infected plants were also infected with Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV; Potyvirus, Potyviridae; 1.3%), Sweet potato mild mottle virus (SPMMV; Ipomovirus, Potyviridae; 0.5%) or both (0.4%), but none of these three viruses were detected in SPCFV-infected plants. Co-infection of SPFMV with SPMMV was detected in 1.2% of plants sampled. Virus-like symptoms were observed in 367 wild plants (12.8%), of which 42 plants (11.4%) were negative for the viruses tested. Almost all (92.4%) the 419 sweetpotato plants sampled from fields close to the tested wild plants displayed virus-like symptoms, and 87.1% were infected with one or more of the four viruses. Phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses of the 3′-proximal genomic region of SPCFV, including the silencing suppressor (NaBP)- and coat protein (CP)-coding regions implicated strong purifying selection on the CP and NaBP, and that the SPCFV strains from East Africa are distinguishable from those from other continents. However, the strains from wild species and sweetpotato were indistinguishable, suggesting reciprocal movement of SPCFV between wild and cultivated Convolvulaceae plants in the field.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed Infections of Four Viruses, the Incidence and Phylogenetic Relationships of Sweet Potato Chlorotic Fleck Virus (Betaflexiviridae) Isolates in Wild Species and Sweetpotatoes in Uganda and Evidence of Distinct Isolates in East Africa

2016

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“…For CMV, infection reduced the population growth rate of two populations and had no effect on the third. In an experimental study, fruit and seed production were not altered by either virus, indicating that more complex factors are involved in the role of viruses in natural population growth rates, including the possible selection of tolerant genotypes (Prendeville et al, 2014).…”

Section: Viruses In Wild Plant Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plants, viruses and the environment: Ecology and mutualism

2015

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Since the discovery of Tobacco mosaic virus nearly 120 years ago, most studies on viruses have focused on their roles as pathogens. Virus ecology takes a different look at viruses, from the standpoint of how they affect their hosts׳ interactions with the environment. Using the framework of symbiotic relationships helps put the true nature of viruses into perspective. Plants clearly have a long history of relationships with viruses that have shaped their evolution. In wild plants viruses are common but usually asymptomatic. In experimental studies plant viruses are sometimes mutualists rather than pathogens. Virus ecology is closely tied to the ecology of their vectors, and the behavior of insects, critical for transmission of many plant viruses, is impacted by virus-plant interactions. Virulence is probable not beneficial for most host-virus interactions, hence commensal and mutualistic relationships are almost certainly common, in spite of the paucity of literature on beneficial viruses.

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“…Plants are frequently attacked by pathogens in natural populations with successful infection leading to variable levels of disease prevalence and severity in host populations. Given that the negative fitness consequences of becoming infected are a central assumption in disease evolutionary theory (Jayakar 1970;Frank 1992;Brown & Tellier 2011), surprisingly few studies (Alexander & Antonovics 1988;Fowler & Clay 1995;Malmstrom et al 2005;Prendeville, Tenhumberg & Pilson 2014) have examined how pathogens influence fecundity and demography of their host species, particularly over long periods of time and under varying epidemic conditions. The negative fitness consequences of pathogen infection are hypothesized to result in profound changes at both host population (Jayakar 1970) and community (Connell 1970;Janzen 1970) levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local demographic and epidemiological patterns in theLinum marginale–Melampsora liniassociation: a multi‐year study

et al. 2017

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Summary Many theoretical and empirical studies operate from an assumption that pathogens have a significant influence on the fecundity and life span of their host species. However, there are surprisingly little data investigating the long‐term fitness impacts and genetic consequences that arise from pathogen infection in natural populations. Here, we address this gap through the analysis of a dataset investigating the local population dynamics of a native host plant (Linum marginale) and an associated rust pathogen (Melampsora lini) across 12 years. To investigate patterns of disease prevalence and severity and track effects on host fecundity and demography, we conducted censuses on an annual basis at a single site. Annual M. lini infection prevalence ranged from 0% to 99%. Severe epidemics occurred in 3‐ to 4‐year cycles causing high overwintering mortality and subsequent changes in the relative abundance of different host phenotypes. Host population size oscillated in response to epidemics and declined towards the end of the observation period. Changes in host numbers were found to affect disease severity but not infection prevalence. Melampsora lini infection increased L. marginale fecundity; the infected plants produced threefold more seed capsules on average than uninfected plants (13·3 vs. 4·3 seed capsules per plant). To investigate how variation in environmental conditions affects epidemiology and host demography, we identified climatic factors affecting host growth, overwintering and disease severity. Winter (June) rainfall increased host overwintering success and summer (December) rainfall favoured host growth. The progress of M. lini disease epidemics benefited from optimal temperatures in February and suffered from rainfall in January. We further examined links between the genetic structure of the pathogen population and disease dynamics. There was a positive correlation between mean pathogen infectivity (as measured across a host differential set) and the severity of disease epidemics. Synthesis. Our results provide new insights into local drivers and consequences of pathogen epidemiology in natural populations. Melampsora lini infection can have profound consequences on the phenotype, demography and population structure of Linum marginale by increasing host fecundity, overwinter mortality and disease resistance.

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Effects of virus on plant fecundity and population dynamics

Cited by 26 publications

References 66 publications

Mixed Infections of Four Viruses, the Incidence and Phylogenetic Relationships of Sweet Potato Chlorotic Fleck Virus (Betaflexiviridae) Isolates in Wild Species and Sweetpotatoes in Uganda and Evidence of Distinct Isolates in East Africa

Mixed Infections of Four Viruses, the Incidence and Phylogenetic Relationships of Sweet Potato Chlorotic Fleck Virus (Betaflexiviridae) Isolates in Wild Species and Sweetpotatoes in Uganda and Evidence of Distinct Isolates in East Africa

Plants, viruses and the environment: Ecology and mutualism

Local demographic and epidemiological patterns in theLinum marginale–Melampsora liniassociation: a multi‐year study

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