Co-infection of influenza B virus and SARS-CoV-2: A case report from Taiwan

Huang, Bo-Ruei; Lin, Ya-Lan; Wan, Chih-Kang; Wu, Jiin-Torng; Hsu, Chih-Yu; Chiu, Ming-Huang; Huang, Cheng-Hua

doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2020.06.011

Cited by 20 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…SARS‐CoV‐2 + HAdV‐C and SARS‐CoV‐2 + RV coinfections occurred more often probably due to the greater frequency of these viruses in samples tested, and in spite of low FLUAV frequency, a dual and a triple coinfection with this virus were detected. Viral respiratory coinfections are very common and several studies already reported viral coinfections with SARS‐CoV‐2, including with FLUAV, although it is probably not occurring as often as it might be expected, which may be due to a lack of diagnosis for other viruses in this pandemic period 32,34‐39 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low circulation of Influenza A and coinfection with SARS‐CoV‐2 among other respiratory viruses during the COVID‐19 pandemic in a region of southern Brazil

Eisen

Gularte

Demoliner

et al. 2021

Journal of Medical Virology

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With the arrival of coronavirus disease 2019 in Brazil in February 2020, several preventive measures were taken by the population aiming to avoid severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection including the use of masks, social distancing, and frequent hand washing then, these measures may have contributed to preventing infection also by other respiratory viruses. Our goal was to determine the frequencies of Influenza A and B viruses (FLUAV/FLUBV), human mastadenovirus C (HAdV-C), Enterovirus 68 (EV-68), and rhinovirus (RV) besides SARS-CoV-2 among hospitalized patients suspect of COVID-19 with cases of acute respiratory disease syndrome (ARDS) in the period of March to December 2020 and to detect possible coinfections among them. Nucleic acid detection was performed using reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in respiratory samples using naso-oropharyngeal swabs and bronchoalveolar lavage. A total of 418 samples of the 987 analyzed (42.3%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2, 16 (1.62%) samples were positive for FLUAV, no sample was positive for FLUBV or EV-68, 67 (6.78%) samples were positive for HAdV-C, 55 samples were positive for RV 1/2 (26.3%) and 37 for RV 2/2 (13.6%). Coinfections were also detected, including a triple coinfection with SARS-CoV-2, FLUAV, and HAdV-C. In the present work, a very low frequency of FLUV was reported among hospitalized patients with ARDS compared to the past years, probably due to preventive measures taken to avoid COVID-19 and the high influenza vaccination coverage in the region in which this study was performed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low circulation of Influenza A and coinfection with SARS‐CoV‐2 among other respiratory viruses during the COVID‐19 pandemic in a region of southern Brazil

Eisen

Gularte

Demoliner

et al. 2021

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Although complications of both diseases can be similar, the onset of influenza complications and severe disease usually occurs within a week of illness onset, as opposed to severe COVID-19 that occurs in the second week of illness. This overlap in signs and symptoms requires diagnostic testing for both viruses while they are cocirculating to distinguish between the two, or to identify coinfection that have been reported with both influenza A and B viruses with SARS-CoV-2 [ 105 , 106 ]. At this time, there is no information on the frequency, severity, and risk factors for coinfection with these viruses versus either alone [ 107 ].…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology of COVID-19 and related viruses: Epidemiology, signs, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

Kaye

Cornett

Brondeel

et al. 2021

Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology

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Coronaviruses belong to the family Coronaviridae order Nidovirales and are known causes of respiratory and intestinal disease in various mammalian and avian species. Species of coronaviruses known to infect humans are referred to as human coronaviruses (HCoVs). While traditionally, HCoVs have been a significant cause of the common cold, more recently, emergent viruses including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic. Here, we discuss COVID-19 biology, pathology, epidemiology, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and recent clinical trials involving promising treatments.

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“…If individuals are coinfected with both SARS-CoV-2 and influenza, this could lead to more severe disease outcomes. Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, a number of case reports of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza coinfection with severe outcomes have been published 1,[9][10][11][12][13] . However, there is a propensity for case reports to highlight more severe cases and there has been no systematic analysis of disease outcomes in coinfected patients compared to non-coinfected controls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza and the impact of coinfection on disease severity: A test negative design

Stowe

Tessier

Zhao

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The potential impact of COVID-19 alongside influenza on morbidity, mortality and health service capacity is a major concern as the Northern Hemisphere winter approaches. This study investigates the interaction between influenza and COVID-19 during the latter part of the 2019-20 influenza season in England. Methods: Individuals tested for influenza and SARS-CoV-2 were extracted from national surveillance systems between 20/01/2020 and 25/04/2020. To estimate influenza infection on the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, univariable and multivariable analyses on the odds of SARS-CoV-2 in those who tested positive for influenza compared to those who tested negative for influenza. To assess whether a coinfection was associated with severe SARS-CoV-2 outcome, univariable and multivariable analyses on the odds of death adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, comorbidity and coinfection status. Findings: The risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 was 68% lower among influenza positive cases, suggesting possible pathogenic competition between the two viruses. Patients with a coinfection had a risk of death of 5.92 (95% CI, 3.21-10.91) times greater than among those with neither influenza nor SARS-CoV-2 suggesting possible synergistic effects in coinfected individuals. The odds of ventilator use or death and ICU admission or death was greatest among coinfection patients showing strong evidence of an interaction effect compared to SARS-CoV-2/influenza acting independently. Interpretation: Cocirculation of these viruses could have a significant impact on morbidity, mortality and health service demand. Testing for influenza alongside SARS-CoV-2 and maximising influenza vaccine uptake should be prioritised to mitigate these risks.

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Co-infection of influenza B virus and SARS-CoV-2: A case report from Taiwan

Cited by 20 publications

References 5 publications

Low circulation of Influenza A and coinfection with SARS‐CoV‐2 among other respiratory viruses during the COVID‐19 pandemic in a region of southern Brazil

Low circulation of Influenza A and coinfection with SARS‐CoV‐2 among other respiratory viruses during the COVID‐19 pandemic in a region of southern Brazil

Biology of COVID-19 and related viruses: Epidemiology, signs, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

Interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza and the impact of coinfection on disease severity: A test negative design

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