Co-gasification of sub-bituminous coal with palm kernel shell in fluidized bed coupled to a ceramic industry process

Valdés, Carlos F.; Chejne, Farid; Marrugo, Gloria; Macías, Robert J.; Gómez, Carlos; Montoya, Jorge; Londoño, Carlos; Cruz, Javier de la; Arenas, Erika

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.07.086

Cited by 41 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Table 1 shows that HHV increased from 18.78 MJ kg −1 for MNS to 21.67 MJ kg −1 for hydrochar at 180°C for 120 min, and further to 26.02 MJ kg −1 for hydrochar at 260°C for 120 min. The HHVs of hydrochars (21.67–26.02 MJ kg −1 ) all exceed that of lignite (20.89 MJ kg −1 ) [ 38 ], whereas the HHV of hydrochar at 260°C for 120 min was slightly higher than those of subbituminous coal (24.30 MJ kg −1 ) [ 39 ] and bituminous coal (25.84 MJ kg −1 ) [ 40 ]. The increase in HHV was due to the destruction of low-energy chemical bonds, and production of high-energy chemical bonds [ 22 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and properties of hydrochars from macadamia nut shell via hydrothermal carbonization

Fan¹,

Yang²,

Han³

et al. 2018

R. Soc. open sci.

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Macadamia nut shell (MNS) is a type of waste lignocellulose obtained from macadamia nut production processing. Large MNS wastes caused serious resource waste and environmental pollution. So, preparation of hydrochars from MNS via hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is of great significance. HTC of MNS was conducted to study the effect of process parameters, including HTC temperature (180–260°C) and residence time (60–180 min) on the properties of hydrochars. Results showed that the increase in HTC temperature and residence time decreased the mass yield of hydrochars and increased the high heating value of hydrochars. Furthermore, the C content of hydrochars increased, whereas the H and O contents decreased. Mass yield of hydrochar is 46.59%, energy yield is 64.55% and the higher heating value is 26.02 MJ kg−1 at a temperature of 260°C and time of 120 min. The surface structure of hydrochars was rougher compared with that of MNS as observed via scanning electron microscopy. The chemical and combustion behaviour of MNS and hydrochars was analysed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis indicated that decarboxylation and dehydration reactions were the predominant pathways during the HTC process. Results showed that HTC can facilitate the transformation of MNS into solid fuel.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and properties of hydrochars from macadamia nut shell via hydrothermal carbonization

Fan¹,

Yang²,

Han³

et al. 2018

R. Soc. open sci.

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“…Fossil fuels (such as natural gas) may be substituted by alternative fuels which supply the same amount of heat; alternate fuels include biogas [136][137][138][139][140][141] and hydrogen (pure, mixed or syngas) [142][143][144][145][146][147][148][149]; for hydrogen, its injection is feasible in existing gas networks [150][151][152][153] and it is the best choice for at-scale decarbonisation, being produced at high grade heat [154].…”

Section: Controlled Dehumidificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A 30% supply of energy input in a process (biogas) [142];and 80-100% supply of energy input in a process (hydrogen) [154].…”

Section: Controlled Dehumidificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ [136][137][138][139][140][141][142][143][144][145][146][147][148][149][150][151][152][153][154] Improvements at ceramic slip and design New ceramic materials and product design have been developed in recent years to reduce ceramic weight, energy consumption and production cost; such materials are developed considering: product design that require less raw material and firing times, new material compositions incorporating pore-forming agents (such as carbon nanotubes) and incorporating residues to produce thermal energy [164,165]; additives such as incineration ashes, waste glass and low sintering clays contribute to lower sintering temperatures or lighter ceramics with identical mechanical properties [165].…”

Section: Controlled Dehumidificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review on Energy Efficiency Progresses, Technologies and Strategies in the Ceramic Sector Focusing on Waste Heat Recovery

2020

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Thermal processes represent a considerable part of the total energy consumption in manufacturing industry, in sectors such as steel, aluminium, cement, ceramic and glass, among others. It can even be the predominant type of energy consumption in some sectors. High thermal energy processes are mostly associated to high thermal losses, (commonly denominated as waste heat), reinforcing the need for waste heat recovery (WHR) strategies. WHR has therefore been identified as a relevant solution to increase energy efficiency in industrial thermal applications, namely in energy intensive consumers. The ceramic sector is a clear example within the manufacturing industry mainly due to the fuel consumption required for the following processes: firing, drying and spray drying. This paper reviews studies on energy efficiency improvement measures including WHR practices applied to the ceramic sector. This focuses on technologies and strategies which have significant potential to promote energy savings and carbon emissions reduction. The measures have been grouped into three main categories: (i) equipment level; (ii) plant level; and (iii) outer plant level. Some examples include: (i) high efficiency burners; (ii) hot air recycling from kilns to other processes and installation of heat exchangers; and (iii) installation of gas turbine for combined heat and power (CHP). It is observed that energy efficiency solutions allow savings up to 50–60% in the case of high efficiency burners; 15% energy savings for hot air recycling solutions and 30% in the when gas turbines are considered for CHP. Limitations to the implementation of some measures have been identified such as the high investment costs associated, for instance, with certain heat exchangers as well as the corrosive nature of certain available exhaust heat.

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“…The production of gases in co-gasification involves several chemical reactions. The primary devolatisation, which is pyrolysis reaction (Equation 1) and tar cracking and reforming reaction (Equation 2), were involved in the early stage of co-gasification (Valdés et al, 2016). At 15 min reaction time, higher CO composition was produced than other gases (H2, CO2 and CH4) for PKSUn/MBUn, PKSTo/MBUn, and PKSTo/MBPr.…”

Section: Effect Of Co-gasification On Gases Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Pretreated Palm Kernel Shell and Mukah Balingian Coal Co-gasification on Product Yield and Gaseous Composition

Ahmad¹,

Ishak²,

Ismail³

et al. 2020

IJTech

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In this study, co-gasification of palm kernel shell (PKS) and low-rank Malaysian coal (MB) was carried out in a fixed bed reactor. For the pretreated samples, PKS was torrefied at 270C (PKSTo) and MB was preheated at 250C (MBPr) for 1 h, respectively, prior to co-gasification at 767C, with a biomass blending ratio of 52% and a steam flow rate of 55 mL/min. The effect of different blending combinations was investigated towards product yields, namely gas, tar, char and gases composition. The co-gasification on both pretreated (PKSTo/MBPr) and catalyst-pretreated (Cat-PKSTo/MBPr) produced a greater gas yield, with lesser tar and char yield than both untreated PKS and MB (PKSUn/MBUn) and pretreated PKS and untreated MB (PKSTo/MBUn). The PKSTo/MBPr was found to enhance the H2 production by 63.9% and 41% than PKSUn/MBUn and PKSTo/MBUn, respectively, at 45 min of reaction time. Thus, the pretreatment on both samples had a significant impact on the distribution and composition of product yields during co-gasification. As a conclusion, the pretreated sample, which has been upgraded on characteristics such as higher carbon and lower oxygen content than the untreated sample was revealed to enhance gas yield and H2 production during co-gasification.

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Co-gasification of sub-bituminous coal with palm kernel shell in fluidized bed coupled to a ceramic industry process

Cited by 41 publications

References 56 publications

Preparation and properties of hydrochars from macadamia nut shell via hydrothermal carbonization

Preparation and properties of hydrochars from macadamia nut shell via hydrothermal carbonization

Review on Energy Efficiency Progresses, Technologies and Strategies in the Ceramic Sector Focusing on Waste Heat Recovery

The Effect of Pretreated Palm Kernel Shell and Mukah Balingian Coal Co-gasification on Product Yield and Gaseous Composition

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