The Effect of Pretreated Palm Kernel Shell and Mukah Balingian Coal Co-gasification on Product Yield and Gaseous Composition

Ahmad, Rosmaini; Ishak, Mohd Azlan Mohd; Ismail, Khudzir; Kasim, Nur Nasulhah; Mohamed, Alina Rahayu; Ani, Asnida Yanti; Deris, Raja Razuan Raja; Radzun, Khairul Adzfa

doi:10.14716/ijtech.v11i3.2916

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Untreated biomass has poor grindability, high moisture content, and oxygenated compounds that cause hygroscopic behaviour [2].The characteristics of the untreated biomass concerned with several challenges in thermochemical process. The biomass drawbacks are low calorific value, generally 15 to 17 MJ/kg, as well as high moisture content usually about 10 wt.% due to its hygroscopic nature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential of pretreated palm kernel shell on pyrolysis

Ahmad

Santiagoo

Ahmad

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The impact of pretreatment on palm kernel shell (PKS) with torrefaction for the possibility of pyrolysis is discussed in this study. PKS samples were torrefied at different holding times of 30 and 60 minutes at temperatures of 200, 225, 250, 275, and 300 °C. In a fixed-bed reactor with a constant nitrogen flow rate of 500 ml/min, torrefaction pretreatment was carried out. The elemental composition, mass, and energy yield, as well as proximate analysis, were all performed on the pretreated PKS. The optimised pretreated PKS was pyrolyzed next at a temperature of 400 to 550 °C in a fixed-bed reactor. The outcomes demonstrated that the pretreated PKS had a significant mass and energy yield at a temperature of 250 °C and a holding time of 30 min. PKS’s calorific value and carbon content both rose after pretreatment. However, the oxygen and moisture content decreased for pretreated PKS. The maximum bio-oil production of 58% was achieved during the pyrolysis of pretreated PKS at a temperature of 500 °C. At higher temperature of 550 °C, the bio-oil decreased due to secondary cracking reaction. Consequently, the pretreated PKS has greater potential as effective feedstock for successive proses particularly pyrolysis for bio-oil production.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, the pretreated biomass had a higher energy density also, its hygroscopic properties and grindability overcame the drawback of their untreated biomass, making it appropriate for additional thermochemical conversion [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of pretreated palm kernel shell on pyrolysis

Ahmad

Santiagoo

Ahmad

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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“…Utilizing this pretreatment method, the sample's or raw material's properties will be changed to improve its performance during future operations like pyrolysis and gasification [4]. This is since the pretreatment process will change the biomass's characteristics, including lowering its moisture content, which could reduce the sample's capacity to burn [5]. The ability to make biomass friable (using 80-90% less energy for grinding), negligible biological activity (providing a longer storage life without fuel degradation), low O/C ratio (improving gasification yield), and the elimination of smoke-causing compounds are some of the advantages of torrefaction, according to Shivangi Jha et,al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of pretreated coconut shell on gasification product yield

Muda,

Ahmad,

Mohammed

et al. 2023

E3S Web Conf.

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Gasification of untreated and pretreated coconut shell (CS) was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor to assess the effect of temperature (600, 650, 700, 750, and 800 °C) and holding time (30 and 40 min) on gases composition. The untreated CS was first torrefied in a fixed-bed reactor at different temperatures (200 – 300 °C) and holding times (30 min, 60 min and 90 min). Pretreated CS at the optimal torrefaction temperature (275 °C and 60 min) was used for gasification. Under optimal conditions of 750 °C and 30 min holding time, gasification contributed the most gas production. At this optimum condition, the gas composition of pretreated CS was 35.03 % of CH4, 24.43 % of CO2, and 40.54 % of H2 + CO. Untreated CS contains 37.63 % of CH4, 24.03 % of CO2, and 38.34 % of H2 + CO gases. The production of CH4 gas was higher when untreated CS was used for gasification rather than pretreated CS. Moreover, when untreated CS was used for gasification, the amount of CO2, H2, and CO produced was minimal. Therefore, for high H2 production, pretreatment prior to gasification is appropriate.

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