Co-existent pneumococcal and tubercular mixed meningitis in heterozygous sickle cell disease: a case report

Garg, Nitin; Rafi, Wasiulla; Nagarathna, S; Chandramuki, A; Seshagiri, Sangeetha K; Pal, Pramod; Satish, Sai

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2008.01.008

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Additional cases, which could not be diagnosed by the conventional techniques, were also picked by this assay. Out of the 32 controls, the assay showed a positive result in only two cases of autopsy proven TBM cases, suggesting the possibility of a mixed underlying infection in those particular patients (Mani et al, 2007).With high prevalence of tuberculous infection in developing countries and the impaired immune status of patients, co-existent pneumococcal and tubercular meningitis may not be so uncommon (Garg et al, 2008). However, further refinements may make PCR a more useful tool in the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis in a clinical setting especially when results of CSF Gram stain and culture are negative.…”

Section: Polymerase Chain Reaction (Pcr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Diagnosis of Meningitis

Nagarathna¹,

Veenakumari²,

Chandramuki³

2012

Meningitis

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Tuberculous meningitis (TBM), is common in those from countries where tuberculosis is common, and is also encountered in those with immune problems, such as AIDS. Despite advancement in vaccine development and chemoprophylaxis bacterial meningitis remains a major cause of death and neurological disabilities which can be prevented by rapid and accurate diagnosis with prompt treatment which is essential for good outcome (Carbonnelle, 2009). Viral meningitis is generally less severe and clears up without specific treatment. Viral ("aseptic") meningitis is serious but rarely fatal in people with normal immune systems. Usually, the symptoms last from 7 to 10 days and the patient recovers completely. Often, in www.intechopen.com Please use Adobe Acrobat Reader to read this book chapter for free. Just open this same document with Adobe Reader. If you do not have it, you can download it here. You can freely access the chapter at the Web Viewer here. Meningitis 186 early phases of viral meningitis and bacterial meningitis, the symptoms are almost similar (Carbonnelle, 2009). Fungal meningitis is rare, but can be life threatening. Although anyone can get fungal meningitis, people at higher risk are those who have AIDS, leukemia, or other forms of immunodeficiency. The most common cause of fungal meningitis in HIV, is Cryptococcus spp. In the last two decades, more elaborative use of intensive care units for serious medical disorders, advancements in transplant procedures and concomitant use of immunosuppressive therapies as well as the pandemic spread of HIV, etc. have increased the incidence of Central Nervous System (CNS) fungal infections which present with various clinical syndromes: meningitis commonly. The clinical picture may mimic TBM and therefore, needs careful evaluation. The CNS mycoses carry higher risks of morbidity and mortality as compared to other infective processes and therefore promptly require precise diagnosis and appropriate medical and/or surgical management strategies to optimize the outcome (Raman Sharma, 2010). Chemical meningitis can develop after neurosurgical procedures and can be differentiated from bacterial meningitis by Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glucose levels and CSF White Blood Cell (WBC) values. The causes of non-infectious meningitis include cancers, systemic lupus erythematosus, drug induced, head trauma, brain surgery etc. Please use Adobe Acrobat Reader to read this book chapter for free. Just open this same document with Adobe Reader. If you do not have it, you can download it here. You can freely access the chapter at the Web Viewer here.

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Section: Polymerase Chain Reaction (Pcr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Diagnosis of Meningitis

Nagarathna¹,

Veenakumari²,

Chandramuki³

2012

Meningitis

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“…Literatür incelendiğinde pnömokok ve tüberküloz menenjiti birlikteliğinin çok nadir olduğu görülmüştür (10,14,15,17) . Levinsky ve ark.…”

Section: Tüberküloz Menenjitlerde Bos Kültürün-unclassified

“…Gark ve ark. (10) tarafından bildirilen ateş yüksekliği ve meningeal irritasyon bulguları ile seyreden 38 yaşındaki orak hücre anemili hastanın BOS Gram boyamasında Gram-olumlu diplokoklar görülmüş, pnömokok kapsül antijeni pozitif saptanmıştır. Hidrosefalisi de bulunan hasta kronik menenjitler açısından değerlendirilmiş, yapılan tetkikler sonucunda tüberküloz PCR testinin pozitif olduğu belirtilmiştir.…”

Section: Tüberküloz Menenjitlerde Bos Kültürün-unclassified

“…Tüberküloz menenjiti tüberkülozun en ağır formudur ve primer infeksiyonun erken veya geç komplikasyonu olarak gelişebilmektedir (2) . Tüberküloz ve bakteriyel menenjit birlikteliği nadir görülen bir durumdur (10,14,15,17) . Bu yazıda pürülan menenjit nedeniyle yatırılan olguda konversif atak düşünülen, daha sonra da tüberküloz menenjiti tanısı alan bir olgu irdelenmiştir.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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