Co-electrolysis for power-to-methanol applications

Andika, Riezqa; Nandiyanto, Asep Bayu Dani; Putra, Zulfan Adi; Bilad, Muhammad Roil; Kim, Young; Yun, Choa Mun; Lee, Moonyong

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2018.07.030

Cited by 83 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Co-electrolysis using SOECs offer an interesting avenue towards higher CO 2 to MeOH efficiencies [68][69][70]. H 2 production using SOECs operated at 20 bar can reach about 96% conversion efficiency based on HHV [71].…”

Section: Renewable Methanolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clean and high purity of CO 2 can be obtained by purification technologies, such as H 2 S removal by physical and chemical absorption [87], and CO 2 capture technologies, including amine-based post-combustion capture and cryogenic separation [49]. Additionally, since biogas contains high concentrations of CH 4 and CO 2 , other processes, such as dry reforming [88] or bi-reforming [89], with the latter offering better catalyst stability, and co-electrolysis in solid oxide electrolyzer (SOEC) [69,70,90] can be employed to directly produce syngas.…”

Section: Renewable Co 2 Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of The Methanol Economy: The Fuel Cell Route

et al. 2020

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This review presents methanol as a potential renewable alternative to fossil fuels in the fight against climate change. It explores the renewable ways of obtaining methanol and its use in efficient energy systems for a net zero-emission carbon cycle, with a special focus on fuel cells. It investigates the different parts of the carbon cycle from a methanol and fuel cell perspective. In recent years, the potential for a methanol economy has been shown and there has been significant technological advancement of its renewable production and utilization. Even though its full adoption will require further development, it can be produced from renewable electricity and biomass or CO2 capture and can be used in several industrial sectors, which make it an excellent liquid electrofuel for the transition to a sustainable economy. By converting CO2 into liquid fuels, the harmful effects of CO2 emissions from existing industries that still rely on fossil fuels are reduced. The methanol can then be used both in the energy sector and the chemical industry, and become an all-around substitute for petroleum. The scope of this review is to put together the different aspects of methanol as an energy carrier of the future, with particular focus on its renewable production and its use in high-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) via methanol steam reforming.

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Section: Renewable Methanolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Renewable Co 2 Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of The Methanol Economy: The Fuel Cell Route

et al. 2020

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“…Alongside methanation, other options for hydrogen-based fuels are methanol, Fischer-Tropsch diesel (BMBF, 2018), or dimethyl ether (DME;Moser et al, 2018). Another possibility is the production of synthesis gas, a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, in a reversed water-gas shift reaction or co-electrolysis (Andika et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2019). This technology splits water electrochemically and simultaneously produces synthesis gas from the hydrogen and the added carbon dioxide in a single process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Power-to-X Demonstration Projects in Europe

2020

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At the heart of most Power-to-X (PtX) concepts is the utilization of renewable electricity to produce hydrogen through the electrolysis of water. This hydrogen can be used directly as a final energy carrier or it can be converted into, for example, methane, synthesis gas, liquid fuels, electricity, or chemicals. Technical demonstration and systems integration are of major importance for integrating PtX into energy systems. As of June 2020, a total of 220 PtX research and demonstration projects in Europe have either been realized, completed, or are currently being planned. The central aim of this review is to identify and assess relevant projects in terms of their year of commissioning, location, electricity and carbon dioxide sources, applied technologies for electrolysis, capacity, type of hydrogen post-processing, and the targeted field of application. The latter aspect has changed over the years. At first, the targeted field of application was fuel production, for example for hydrogen buses, combined heat and power generation, and subsequent injection into the natural gas grid. Today, alongside fuel production, industrial applications are also important. Synthetic gaseous fuels are the focus of fuel production, while liquid fuel production is severely under-represented. Solid oxide electrolyzer cells (SOECs) represent a very small proportion of projects compared to polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) and alkaline electrolyzers. This is also reflected by the difference in installed capacities. While alkaline electrolyzers are installed with capacities between 50 and 5000 kW (2019/20) and PEM electrolyzers between 100 and 6000 kW, SOECs have a capacity of 150 kW. France and Germany are undertaking the biggest efforts to develop PtX technologies compared to other European countries. On the whole, however, activities have progressed at a considerably faster rate than had been predicted just a couple of years ago.

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“…Among them, the use of low-carbon electricity to enable the production of synthetic hydrocarbons has been extensively studied in conjunction with both gaseous and liquid fuels [15][16][17][18]. The pathways integrating electrolysis with fuel production that are currently available in literature are mainly focused on hydrocarbon synthesis through methanation [19], Fischer-Tropsch processes [20], and on methanol/dimethyl ether (DME) synthesis [21,22]. However, the integration of electrolysis with hydrotreatment has been investigated only in a preliminary study developed by the authors of this paper [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of waste vegetable oil for hydrotreated vegetable oil production with high-temperature electrolysis as hydrogen source

Lorenzi

Baptista

Venezia

et al. 2020

Fuel

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The research of renewable alternatives to decarbonize the transport sector and to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels pushes towards the development of more sustainable solutions for fuel production. Among the diesel substitutes, hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) is considered one of the most promising options, since it can be blended with fossil diesel without limitations. In this context, this paper assesses the technical and economic feasibility of producing HVO using waste vegetable oil (WVO) as feedstock, with the help of a simulation model that maximizes the integration of renewable energy sources. The process to synthesize HVO requires a large amount of hydrogen that, in this study, is supplied through an upstream hightemperature electrolysis process occurring in solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs), which are fed by low-carbon electricity. The use of waste oils as feedstock eliminates the competition with food crops (e.g. soybean or rapeseed) and promotes the recycling of substances that need to be disposed. The results of the study prove the technical feasibility of a plant with an annual capacity of 100 kton of HVO, having an energy efficiency of 80%. Also, the breakeven point of such investment would be reached before the fourth year of operation, considering a WVO price of 400 €/ton, which is assumed as target price. However, the uncertainty on the market prices of WVO, HVO and electricity, as well as on other fixed and variable production costs, can, significantly affect the projected results.

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Co-electrolysis for power-to-methanol applications

Cited by 83 publications

References 51 publications

A Review of The Methanol Economy: The Fuel Cell Route

A Review of The Methanol Economy: The Fuel Cell Route

Review of Power-to-X Demonstration Projects in Europe

Use of waste vegetable oil for hydrotreated vegetable oil production with high-temperature electrolysis as hydrogen source

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