Co-Culture of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and Chondrocytes With Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 3 Promotes Chondrogenic Differentiation

Abstract

Tissue engineering cartilage is a promising strategy to reconstruct the craniofacial cartilaginous defects. It demands plenty of chondrocytes to generate human-sized craniofacial frameworks. Partly replacement of chondrocytes by adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) can be an alternative strategy. The study aimed at evaluating the chondrogenic outcome of ADSCs and chondrocytes in direct co-culture with transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β3). Porcine ADSCs and chondrocytes were obtained from abdominal wall and external ears. Four groups: ADSCs or chondrocytes monocultured in medium added with TGF-β3; ADSCs and ACs co-cultured with or without TGF-β3. Cell growth rate was performed to evaluate the cell proliferation. Morphological, histologic and real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis were performed to characterize the chondrogenic outcome of pellets. ADSCs had favorable multi-lineage differentiation potential. Further, when ADSCs were co-cultured with chondrocytes in medium added with TGF-β3, the cell proliferation was promoted and the chondrogenic differentiation of ADSCs was enhanced. We demonstrate that pellet co-culture of ADSCs and chondrocyte with TGF-β3 could construct high quantity cartilages. It suggests that this strategy might be useful in future cartilage repair.

Induction of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation by co-culturing with mature cells in double-layered 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine polymer hydrogel matrices

“…Thus, mature cells can induce differentiation of the surrounding undifferentiated cells. 40,41 This could be explained by the small distance of molecular diffusion and the high concentration of cytokines that induce cell differentiation from mature cells and reach undifferentiated cells.…”

The role of TGF-beta3 in cartilage development and osteoarthritis

“… 104 In addition, cell proliferation was promoted when chondrocytes were cocultured with adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in medium supplemented with TGF-β3. 105 In summary, the recent research findings are contradictory, and no unanimous conclusions can be drawn.…”

A 3D multifunctional bi-layer scaffold to regulate stem cell behaviors and promote osteochondral regeneration

“…For the three-dimensional pellet culture, according to a previous study, 50 a cell suspension containing 2 × 10 6 BMSCs was centrifuged at 1100 rpm for 5 minutes in 15 ml centrifuge tubes, then the supernatant was removed and 2 ml of the growth medium was gently added into every tube without breaking the cell sediment. After static culture for 24 h, the pellets were cultured with the chondrogenic medium according to different conditions (GelMA or GelMA/KGN extracts).…”