Co-creation or Public Participation 2.0? An Assessment of Co-creation in Transport and Mobility Research

Participatory evaluation in transport planning: the application of Multi-Actor Multi-Criteria Analysis in co-creation to solve mobility problems in Brussels

“…In previous evaluations using participatory MCAs such as MAMCA, the alternative solutions were predefined by the analysts guiding the evaluation (Almeida, 2019;Macharis et al, 2009;Turcksin et al, 2011) or suggested by stakeholders (Bana E Costa, 2001;Macharis and Januarius, 2010;Verlinde and Macharis, 2016). Second, although citizens' ideas have been collected and sometimes implemented in other transport-related co-creation projects, there was no formal ex ante evaluation of the alternative solutions (Pappers et al, 2020).…”

“…Furthermore, different levels of participation have different levels of involvement from the public, ranging from manipulation of people to giving people full managerial control (Arnstein, 1969). Co-creation can be seen as a form of public participation that is situated on the highest rungs of the ladder of participation, and focuses on creativity and innovation (Pappers et al, 2020). Participatory planning is defined as 'the involvement of any individual, group or community' in the planning process (Smith, 1973, p. 279).…”

“…In recent years, co-creation has been coined as an umbrella term for the higher levels of participation in which citizens have decision-making power. However, transport-related co-creation processes often lack a participatory element in the evaluation of the co-created outcome, that is, when possible solutions have been identified but a decision needs to be made on which solution(s) should be implemented (Pappers et al, 2020). This chapter seeks to address this research gap by proposing the involvement of citizens and stakeholders in the…”

Using co-creation to address monitoring and evaluation challenges: The experience of South Africa’s evaluation hackathon

“…Most of the available research on co-creation has focused on process rather than outcomes, thus limiting conclusions on the benefit of a co-creation approach to problem-solving (Pappers et al, 2020: 21; Voorberg et al, 2015: 1345). Kangro and Lepik (2022: 1) confirm that little is known about how to promote the ‘co-creation of services with societal impact’.…”

Inclusive and collaborative advanced transport: are we really heading to sustainable mobility?

“…Moreover, the development and the implementation on a large scale of new transport solutions ought to confront also with their social acceptance, that in turn requires to understand needs, fears, and behaviours of different communities and groups of population [10,11]. To this aim, community-led initiatives and public participation [22,27] could help technicians and policymakers to ensure a smooth (and accepted) integration of new breakthroughs in the transport ecosystem. However, a collaborative environment does not always prioritize the common good, as the main driver of innovation has naturally commercial goals beyond social responsibility.…”