Co‐Axial Gyro‐Spinning of PCL/PVA/HA Core‐Sheath Fibrous Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

Abstract

The present study aspires towards fabricating core‐sheath fibrous scaffolds by state‐of‐the‐art pressurized gyration for bone tissue engineering applications. The core‐sheath fibers comprising dual‐phase poly‐ε‐caprolactone (PCL) core and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sheath are fabricated using a novel “co‐axial” pressurized gyration method. Hydroxyapatite (HA) nanocrystals are embedded in the sheath of the fabricated scaffolds to improve the performance for application as a bone tissue regeneration material. The diameter of the fabricated fiber is 3.97 ± 1.31 µm for PCL‐PVA/3%HA while pure PCL–PVA with no HA loading gives 3.03 ± 0.45 µm. Bead‐free fiber morphology is ascertained for all sample groups. The chemistry, water contact angle and swelling behavior measurements of the fabricated core‐sheath fibrous scaffolds indicate the suitability of the structures in cellular activities. Saos‐2 bone osteosarcoma cells are employed to determine the biocompatibility of the scaffolds, wherein none of the scaffolds possess any cytotoxicity effect, while cell proliferation of 94% is obtained for PCL–PVA/5%HA fibers. The alkaline phosphatase activity results suggest the osteogenic activities on the scaffolds begin earlier than day 7. Overall, adaptations of co‐axial pressurized gyration provides the flexibility to embed or encapsulate bioactive substances in core‐sheath fiber assemblies and is a promising strategy for bone healing.

Polymeric Nanofibers for Drug Delivery Applications: A Recent Review

“…Pressurized gyration, also known as core-sheath pressurized spinning, was first described by Mahalingam and his colleagues in 2013 according to the Rayleigh-Taylor instability principle of spinning polymer solutions [ 69 – 71 ]. The core area was made of polycaprolactone, and the sheath area was made of polyvinyl alcohol and hydroxyapatite nanocrystals to prepare core-sheath fiber scaffolds.…”

Enhanced osteogenic gene expressions and alkaline phosphatase activity of the composites based on bioactive glass and CuAl LDH for bone tissue engineering

“…In the final step, the absorbance values were measured at 405 nm, and the ALP activities were calculated with the obtained equations from the calibrations curves, based on the protocol mentioned in the literature. [ 16 ]…”

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Type 2‐Causing Coronavirus: Variants and Preventive Strategies

“…[152] Moreover, the combination of electrospraying and electrospinning can be used to create positively-charged fiber surfaces loaded with particles that could alter the surface further as desired and more recent processes like pressurized gyration with core-sheath fibers can also be used to advantage here. [154,155] For example, such fibers could carry metallic nanoparticles at the surface only to shorten the activity window of viruses on the surface by incorporating copper into the polymeric matrix. There is a wide spectrum of metal-based nanoparticles that have been used in a broad range of biomedical applications.…”