CNV Abnormalities Following Closed Head Injury

Rugg, Michael D.; Cowan, Carolyn Pape; Nagy, Margaret E.; Milner, A. David; Jacobson, I.; Brooks, D N

doi:10.1093/brain/112.2.489

Cited by 40 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…Volleyball players need a very re®ned ability to analyse stimuli rapidly in order to anticipate the best response to the dierent situations that occur during a competition. A relationship between these behavioural aspects can be inferred since the terminal part of CNV, the E W , is considered to indicate the ability to maintain attention in anticipation of a target (Cremona-Meteyard et al 1992;Rugg et al 1989;Segalowitz et al 1997). Indeed, such a relationship is con®rmed by the correlations found in our study among the electrical, reactivity and behavioural (technical, i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the observation that CNV amplitude increases with attention and decreases under sustained distracting conditions leads to the conclusion that CNV is a sensitive measure of attentional processes in humans (Birbaumer et al 1990;Naatanen 1975;Nougier et al 1987;Picton and Hillyard 1988;Tecce and Sche 1969). In particular, the end wave of CNV (Ew) is considered to indicate the ability of a subject to maintain attention in anticipation of a target (CremonaMeteyard et al 1992;Rugg et al 1989;Segalowitz et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reactivity and event-related potentials during attentional tests in athletes

et al. 1999

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A series of attentional tests involving reaction times (RTs) was administered to 12 high-level young (age 17-18 years) volleyball players. During the tests, event-related potentials were recorded by electroencephalogram. In a simple reaction-time test (SRT), the subjects had to respond to a letter that appeared on a white screen. Other tests (attentional shifting tests) consisted of a go/no-go reaction time and a choice reaction time (CRT), divided into a short-latency CRT and a long-latency CRT. In the pre-stimulus period of these tests, there is a shift from broad attention to selective attention, represented by a crowding of black points on the computer screen, followed by the appearance of a letter in the centre of the crowding. The results show that RT increased from SRT to CRT. In the attentional shifting tests, averaged waves of event-related potentials showed a contingent-negative-variation-like wave that was closely related to selective attention (selective attention wave, SAW) before the onset of the stimulus. After the stimulus, a P3 complex was recorded. Correlations were found between the SAW amplitude and P3 latency and amplitude, and between these parameters and RT and its variability. Higher SAW and P3 amplitudes were accompanied by a shorter RT and a lower variability. The characteristics and the correlations that exist between the various parameters are consistent with a possible use of these tests in the analysis of the attentional styles of athletes, and in the evaluation of their progress with training.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactivity and event-related potentials during attentional tests in athletes

et al. 1999

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“…As can be sce n, the GO CNV ! and CNV 2 amplitudes were significantly more negative than the corresponding values of the NOGO were, an expec ted finding for normal subjects (116)(117). This GO-NOaO difference was accentuated for drivers, a finding suggesting an enhanced capacity for the differentiation betwee n relevant and nonrelevant visual signals.…”

Section: Event-related Potentials In Prof Essional Dri Versmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Skinner and his co-workers (125 ) have demonstrated a strong positive correlation between the amplitude of the event-related slow potential and ventricular arrhythmia rate in coron ary patients in response to antiarrhythmic agents. The CNV, or cerebral event-related slow potential, as a reflection of frontal lobe function, is attenuated after damage to that region ( 117). In addition to losing the ability to experience stress, these patients fail to show any autonomic changes to cogn itively relevant stimuli (124).…”

Section: Event-related Potentials In Prof Essional Dri Versmentioning

confidence: 97%

Mechanisms of cardiac risk among professional drivers.

Belkić¹,

Savić²,

Theorell³

et al. 1994

Scand J Work Environ Health

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of cardiac risk among profe ssional drivers. Scand J Work Environ Health 1994;20:73-86.This literature review indicates that professional drivers have excess cardiac risk that is not fully explained by standard risk factors. The contributi on of occupation is suggested by two independent methods and by psychophysiological studies during on-the-job driving. Driving has been conceptualized as a threat-avoidance task. Stimuli encountered in traffic are not inherently aversive but become so by association with driving experie nce, a formulation corroborated by laboratory studies in which stimuli such as car headlights elicit cardiovascular hyperreactivity and electroencephalographic signs of arousal in professional drivers. More-advanced neurophysiological methods (event-related potentials) show higher cortical electrone gativity to imperative signals among professional drivers than among nondriver referents. These data are viewed in light of reports of possible associations between event-related slow potentials and cardiac risk. A clinically and ecologically relevant neurocardiological model is proposed, and preventive strategies, including workplace interventions, are suggested.K EY TERMScardiova scular disease, event-related potentials, glare, neurocardiology, professional drivers, review, work stress.Of the numerous studies performed in va rious countries on cardiovascular disease and professional driving over a sp an of almost three de cades, ne arly all have shown an exce ss ri sk of cardiovascular di sease among professional drivers. Despite rigorous se lection against these disorders at hiring and during periodic medical foll ow-up ( 1-4), a risk of hyp ertension, ventri cu lar arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, and other ischemic heart disease ha s been ob served in 28 of the 32 reports found to consider thi s question (1-32). (No ns ig nifica nt findings have be en reported in references 13, 18, 19, and 23.) Of particular note in many of these studies is the close relation between the number of work years as a driver and the untowardly yo ung ag e at which these ev e nts occur (l , 5, 7, 9 17, 26, 29, 32). For example, in studies of young myocardial infarct ion patients, fo r whom profession was determined, an unexpectedly high percentage (up to 40 %) comprised professional dri vers (9,17,26,29,32). While standard ri sk-factor status tends to be high in thi s population, these fa ctors have not been clearly shown to distinguish professional drivers from other lo wer ri sk groups (1 , 15, 16,33-35) (tab le I). Rece ntly , Ro sengren and her co-workers (27) demonstrated that the excess risk of coronary he art disease among middle-aged bus and tram drivers occurred independently of sta ndard ri sk-factor status .Thus the quest ion ari ses as to how this excess cardiac risk oc curs for professional drivers. A growing co nse ns us indicates that occupational factors must be gi ven ca reful consideration (1-3). A focus on neural mech anisms pr omises to offer meaningful insig hts into the problem (3,36,37). In...

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“…CNV has been related to expectancy [4], conation [5], motivation [6] and, particularly, attentional processes [1,2,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Policosanol, Reaction Time and Event-Related Potentials

Fontani

Maffei²,

Lodi³

2000

Neuropsychobiology

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The aim of the present study was to compare the results of a 1-week, double-blind placebo-controlled trial investigating the effects of isopolicosanol and octacosanol on reactivity and related brain activity. In particular, reaction time (RT) and event-related potentials such as contingent negative variations (CNV) and P300 (P3) have been studied. Thirty sedentary healthy students were tested before and after treatment (3.6 mg/die for 7 days) with orally administered tablets of placebo (group A), isopolicosanol (B) and octacosanol (C). RT were studied according to three procedures: simple RT (SRT), go/no-go RT (GRT) and choice RT (CRT). Results show that before treatment, there were no significant differences between groups A, B and C. After treatment, the RT of group A was unchanged, while the RT of groups B and C were reduced. In group B, in the SRT test, the reduction of RT was accompanied by electrical data exhibiting increased amplitudes of CNV and shorter latencies of P3. These results show that the main effect on reactivity and event-related potentials can be ascribed to policosanol and is mainly evident in the SRT test.

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CNV Abnormalities Following Closed Head Injury

Cited by 40 publications

References 0 publications

Reactivity and event-related potentials during attentional tests in athletes

Reactivity and event-related potentials during attentional tests in athletes

Mechanisms of cardiac risk among professional drivers.

Policosanol, Reaction Time and Event-Related Potentials

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