CNP signal pathway up-regulated in rectum of depressed rats and the interventional effect of Xiaoyaosan

Li, Ping

doi:10.3748/wjg.v21.i5.1518

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…These observations suggest that Xiaoyaosan may exert its pharmacological effect by regulating NES1 signals from the periphery. Although the mechanism of this pharmacological effect remains unclear, several studies have shown that Xiaoyaosan improves depressive-like behavior through the modulation of peripheral organs, for instance, the liver (39) and the intestine (28,40). Additionally, Xiaoyaosan downregulated the CIS-induced overexpression of OT, POMC, and MC4R in the rat hypothalamus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xiaoyaosan Ameliorates Chronic Immobilization Stress-Induced Depression-Like Behaviors and Anorexia in Rats: The Role of the Nesfatin-1–Oxytocin–Proopiomelanocortin Neural Pathway in the Hypothalamus

Yan

et al. 2019

Front. Psychiatry

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Background: Chronic stress is an important risk factor for depression. The nesfatin-1 (NES1)-oxytocin (OT)-proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neural pathway, which is involved in the stress response, was recently shown to have an anorectic effect in the hypothalamus. Our previous study showed that Xiaoyaosan, a well-known antidepressant used in traditional Chinese medicine, effectively relieved appetite loss induced by chronic immobilization stress (CIS). However, whether Xiaoyaosan ameliorates depression-like behaviors and anorexia by regulating the NES1-OT-POMC neural pathway remains unclear. Objective: To investigate whether the antidepressant-like and anti-anorexia effects of Xiaoyaosan are related to the NES1-OT-POMC neural pathway in the hypothalamus. Methods: Rats were randomly divided into control, CIS, Xiaoyaosan treatment, and fluoxetine treatment groups. The rats in the CIS, Xiaoyaosan treatment, and fluoxetine treatment groups were subjected to CIS for 21 consecutive days, during which they were administered distilled water, a Xiaoyaosan decoction [3.854 g/(kg•d)] or fluoxetine [1.76 mg/ (kg•d)], respectively, by gavage, and their body weights and food intake were monitored daily. The rats were subsequently subjected to the open field test and sucrose preference test. Then, the expression levels of corticosterone and NES1 in the serum and the expression levels of NES1, OT, POMC, and melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) in the hypothalamus were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, and immunochemistry. Furthermore, immunofluorescence double staining was used to determine whether related proteins in the hypothalamic NES1-OT-POMC neural pathway were co-expressed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xiaoyaosan Ameliorates Chronic Immobilization Stress-Induced Depression-Like Behaviors and Anorexia in Rats: The Role of the Nesfatin-1–Oxytocin–Proopiomelanocortin Neural Pathway in the Hypothalamus

Yan

et al. 2019

Front. Psychiatry

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“… 97 Another study found that the CNP–NPR2 pathway is upregulated in the rectum of rat models of depression; XYS partially antagonizes this pathway by inhibiting rectal tissue expression of CNP and NPR2. 103 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nine traditional Chinese herbal formulas for the treatment of depression: an ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacology review

Feng

Tang

Lin

et al. 2016

NDT

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Depression is a major mental disorder, and is currently recognized as the second-leading cause of disability worldwide. However, the therapeutic effect of antidepressants remains unsatisfactory. For centuries, Chinese herbal formulas (CHFs) have been widely used in the treatment of depression, achieving better therapeutic effects than placebo and having fewer side effects than conventional antidepressants. Here, we review the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacology studies of nine common CHFs: “banxia houpo” decoction, “chaihu shugansan”, “ganmaidazao” decoction, “kaixinsan”, “shuganjieyu” capsules, “sinisan”, “wuling” capsules, “xiaoyaosan”, and “yueju”. Eight clinical trials and seven meta-analyses have supported the theory that CHFs are effective treatments for depression, decreasing Hamilton Depression Scale scores and showing few adverse effects. Evidence from 75 preclinical studies has also elucidated the multitarget and multipathway mechanisms underlying the antidepressant effect of the nine CHFs. Decoctions, capsules, and pills all showed antidepressant effects, ranked in descending order of efficacy. According to traditional Chinese medicine theory, these CHFs have flexible compatibility and mainly act by soothing the liver and relieving depression. This review highlights the effective treatment choices and candidate compounds for patients, practitioners, and researchers in the field of traditional Chinese medicine. In summary, the current evidence supports the efficacy of CHFs in the treatment of depression, but additional large-scale randomized controlled clinical trials and sophisticated pharmacology studies should be performed.

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“…[ 20 , 25 ] CNP signals its activity via three types of natriuretic peptide receptors (particularly, NPR-B and NPR-C). Our previous study has shown that the CNP/NPR-B signal pathway is up-regulated in the rectum of depressed rats[ 1 ]. However, it is still unclear whether the NP/NPR signaling pathway changes or whether there is a relationship between depletion of ICC and changes in the natriuretic peptide signaling pathway in the stomachs of depressed rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rats were maintained under previously described conditions for 1 week before they were subjected to the experiments. On the basis of the previous research methods, group M were singly housed and received one of the chronic mild unpredictable irritations daily: restraint, swim induced fatigue, footshock, fasting and concussion[ 1 ]. This study was performed with the approval of the Animal Ethics Committee of Dalian Medical University and all the experiments were performed according to the Guideline for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals published by the Science and Technology Commission of the People’s Republic of China (STCC Publication No.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depression is a common mental disease. Depression patients demonstrate the following symptoms: low spirits, loss of interest, guilt or inferiority, sleep anxiety or loss of appetite, insomnia or drowsiness, fatigue or energy loss, and poor concentration or difficulty in the decision making [ 1 ]. It has been reported that gastrointestinal tract (GIT) involvement is an important predictor of depressive symptoms, and patients with a depressed mood had worse scores on self-reported GI symptoms[ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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NPs/NPRs Signaling Pathways May Be Involved in Depression-Induced Loss of Gastric ICC by Decreasing the Production of mSCF

et al. 2016

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It is well known that natriuretic peptides (NPs) are involved in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility. Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are the pacemaker cells of gastrointestinal motility and gastrointestinal dyskinesia is one of the important digestive tract symptoms of depression. However, it is unclear whether they are involved in depression-induced loss of ICC. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the natriuretic peptide signaling pathway and depression-induced loss of gastric ICC in depressed rats. These results showed that the expression of c-kit and stem cell factor (SCF) in smooth muscle layers of stomach were down-regulated in depressed rats at the mRNA and protein levels. The expression of natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR)-A, B and C were up-regulated in the stomach of depressed rats at the mRNA and protein levels. NPR-A, B and C can significantly decrease the expression of SCF to treat cultured gastric smooth muscle cells (GSMCs) obtained from normal rats with different concentrations of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP). Pretreatment of cultured GSMCs with 8-Brom-cGMP (8-Br-cGMP, a membrane permeable cGMP analog), cANF (a specific NPR-C agonist) and CNP (10−6 mol/L) demonstrated that 8-Br-cGMP had a similar effect as CNP, but treatment with cANF did not. The results of the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay indicated that high concentrations of cANF (10−6 mol/L) restrained the proliferation of cultured GSMCs. Taken together, these results indicate that the up-regulation of the NPs/NPR-C and NPs/NPR-A, B/cGMP signaling pathways may be involved in depression-induced loss of gastric ICC.

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CNP signal pathway up-regulated in rectum of depressed rats and the interventional effect of Xiaoyaosan

Abstract: The CNP/NPR-B pathway is upregulated in the rectum of depressed rats and may be one mechanism for depression-associated digestive disorders. XYS antagonizes this pathway at least partially.

Cited by 20 publications

References 39 publications

Xiaoyaosan Ameliorates Chronic Immobilization Stress-Induced Depression-Like Behaviors and Anorexia in Rats: The Role of the Nesfatin-1–Oxytocin–Proopiomelanocortin Neural Pathway in the Hypothalamus

Xiaoyaosan Ameliorates Chronic Immobilization Stress-Induced Depression-Like Behaviors and Anorexia in Rats: The Role of the Nesfatin-1–Oxytocin–Proopiomelanocortin Neural Pathway in the Hypothalamus

Nine traditional Chinese herbal formulas for the treatment of depression: an ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacology review

NPs/NPRs Signaling Pathways May Be Involved in Depression-Induced Loss of Gastric ICC by Decreasing the Production of mSCF

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