CMOS pixel sensor development: a fast read-out architecture with integrated zero suppression

Hu-Guo, C.; Baudot, J.; Bertolone, Gregory; Besson, A.; Brogna, A.; Colledani, C.; Claus, G.; Masi, R. De; Değerli, Y.; Dorokhov, A.; Dozière, Guy; Dulinski, W.; Fang, Xiaochao; Gelin, M.; Goffe, Mathieu; Guilloux, F.; Himmi, A.; Jaaskelainen, Kimmo; Kozieł, M.; Morel, Frédéric; Orsini, F.; Specht, Matthieu; Sun, Quan; Valin, Isabelle; Winter, M.

doi:10.1088/1748-0221/4/04/p04012

Cited by 49 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…[2,3]), which makes them a good technology choice for precise vertex detectors, particularly for flavor tagging. Charge collection relies on diffusion.…”

Section: Cmos Active Pixel Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analog Electronics for Radiation Detection

Perić¹

2017

Analog Electronics for Radiation Detection

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“…[2,3]), which makes them a good technology choice for precise vertex detectors, particularly for flavor tagging. Charge collection relies on diffusion.…”

Section: Cmos Active Pixel Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analog Electronics for Radiation Detection

Perić¹

2017

Analog Electronics for Radiation Detection

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“…(8)(c), a factor 1 2 is used because the AERD readout circuit is arranged in double-columns. An example of the front-end gain is 60 μv=e À [4], 80 e À =μm means the particle generates 80 hole/electron pairs in 1 μm silicon thickness. 18 μm is the epi-layer thickness of the standard TowerJazz CIS process.…”

Section: Power Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chip sensor aims to achieve a spatial resolution of $ 5 μm (pixel pitch smaller than 30 μm) and a power density lower than 100 mW/cm 2 [2]. The state-of-the-art of MAPS used for particle detectors is represented by the STAR pixel detector, which is equipped with the ULTIMATE chip [4]. The ULTIMATE is an example of the traditional rolling shutter readout architecture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-power priority Address-Encoder and Reset-Decoder data-driven readout for Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors for tracker system

Yang

Aglieri

Cavicchioli

et al. 2015

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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Active Pixel Sensors used in High Energy Particle Physics require low power consumption to reduce the detector material budget, low integration time to reduce the possibilities of pile-up and fast readout to improve the detector data capability. To satisfy these requirements, a novel Address-Encoder and Reset-Decoder (AERD) asynchronous circuit for a fast readout of a pixel matrix has been developed. The AERD data-driven readout architecture operates the address encoding and reset decoding based on an arbitration tree, and allows us to readout only the hit pixels. Compared to the traditional readout structure of the rolling shutter scheme in Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS), AERD can achieve a low readout time and a low power consumption especially for low hit occupancies. The readout is controlled at the chip periphery with a signal synchronous with the clock, allows a good digital and analogue signal separation in the matrix and a reduction of the power consumption. The AERD circuit has been implemented in the Towerjazz 180 nm CMOS Imaging Sensor (CIS) process with full complementary CMOS logic in the pixel. It works at 10 MHz with a matrix height of 15 mm. The energy consumed to read out one pixel is around 72 pJ. A scheme to boost the readout speed to 40 MHz is also discussed. The sensor chip equipped with AERD has been produced and characterised. Test results including electrical beam measurement are presented. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

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“…Each pixel contains a sensing diode, a pre-amplifier, a clamping element and an offset compensated discriminator. The performance of the first three parts has been validated in previous chips [8] and their working principle is described in [9]. The charge sensitive element is formed by an N-well/P-epi diode, labelled "D1" in figure 3, which displays the schematics of the two pixel versions of AROM-0 exhibiting the most satisfactory test results.…”

Section: Pixel Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of CMOS Pixel Sensor Featuring Pixel-Level Discrimination for the ALICE-ITS Upgrade

Wang¹

2015

Proceedings of Technology and Instrumentation in Particle Physics 2014 — PoS(TIPP2014)

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A 180 nm imaging CMOS technology is being used to develop CMOS pixel sensors (CPS) for the upgrade of the ALICE Inner Tracking System (ITS) [1,2]. The process allows in particular for full CMOS integration inside the pixels thanks to the available deep P-wells. Therefore, a novel concept of pixel with integrated discriminator was realized in order to develop a fast and powerefficient rolling shutter CPS architecture, called ASTRAL. Compared with the conventional CPS using column-level discrimination, the in-pixel discrimination sets the analogue processing within the pixel. Thus the analogue buffer driving the long-distance column bus is no longer needed and the static current consumption per pixel can be largely reduced, from 120 µA down to less than 15 µA. Moreover, the row processing time can be halved down to 100 ns thanks to small local parasitics. As a proof of concept, the prototype chip called AROM-0 was developed. Full functionality and noise performance of the chip have been validated in laboratory. Based on AROM-0, improved pixel designs have been implemented in the series of more advanced chips called AROM-1, which incorporate the intermediate design anticipating the upstream architecture of ASTRAL. It features an array of 64 × 64 pixels with double-row readout while integrating on chip the JTAG programmable biasing/reference and sequence control circuitry. This paper will mainly present the design and laboratory test results of AROM-0 and AROM-1 chips. Also, a brief introduction to the first prototype chip of the full scale building block for ASTRAL will be given, supposed to verify the full chain and functionality of the ASTRAL sensor.

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CMOS pixel sensor development: a fast read-out architecture with integrated zero suppression

Cited by 49 publications

References 7 publications

Analog Electronics for Radiation Detection

Analog Electronics for Radiation Detection

Low-power priority Address-Encoder and Reset-Decoder data-driven readout for Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors for tracker system

Development of CMOS Pixel Sensor Featuring Pixel-Level Discrimination for the ALICE-ITS Upgrade

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