CMOS Image Sensor Based Physical Unclonable Function for Coherent Sensor-Level Authentication

Abstract

In the applications of biometric authentication and video surveillance, the image sensor is expected to provide certain degree of trust and resiliency. This paper presents a new low-cost CMOS image sensor based physical unclonable function (PUF) targeting a variety of security, privacy and trusted protocols that involves image sensor as a trusted entity. The proposed PUF exploits the intrinsic imperfection during the image sensor manufacturing process to generate unique and reliable digital signatures. The proposed differential readout stabilizes the response bits extracted from the random fixed pattern noises of selected pixel pairs determined by the applied challenge against supply voltage and temperature variations. The threshold of difference can be tightened to winnow out more unstable response bits from the challenge-response space offered by modern image sensors to enhance the reliability under harsher operating conditions and loosened to improve its resiliency against masquerade attacks in routine operating environment. The proposed design can be classified as a weak PUF which is resilient to modeling attacks, with direct access to its challenge-response pair restricted by the linear feedback shift register. Our experiments on the reset voltages extracted from a 64×64 image sensor fabricated in 180 nm 3.3 V CMOS technology demonstrated that robust and reliable challengeresponse pairs can be generated with a uniqueness of 49.37% and a reliability of 99.80% under temperature variations of 15∼115 • C and supply voltage variations of 3∼3.6 V.

Review on lightweight hardware architectures for the crypt-analytics in FPGA

“…PRESENT lightweight cipher is a shared key block cipher introduced in 2012 by ISO/IEC as "[block cipher] [20]. The cipher based on a Substitution-Permutation Net (SPN), with a roundbased processing system.…”

Chaos-Based Physical Unclonable Functions

“…The advantages and applications of PUFs initiated a search for methods of harvesting of PUF keys from physical processes. Among proposed solutions, we can find: ring oscillators [7,9], transient effect ring oscillators [10], dynamic ring oscillators [11], ordering-based ring oscillator [12], convergence time of bistable rings [8], sneak paths in the resistive X-point array [13], power consumption differences of Advanced Encryption Standard Sbox inversion functions [14], occurrence of metastability [15], static memory [16,17], dynamic memory [18,19], switching behavior of emerging magneto-resistive memory devices [20], switching of resistive random access memory [21], reduction-oxidation resistive switching memories [22], decay-based Dynamic Random Access Memory [23], locally enhanced defectivity [24], combination of multiplexers and arbiters [25], wireless sensors [26], Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor image sensors [27], nonlinearities of data converters [28], mismatch of capacitor ratios [29], primitive shifting permutation network (barrel shifter) [30], cellular neural networks [31], customized dynamic two-stage comparator [32], and many others.…”

Design and implementation of enhanced lightweight memory-based and monostable physical unclonable functions

“…Besides conventional PUFs, a group of emerging PUFs are sprouted in the literature, such as reconfigurable PUF [36], public PUF [37], emerging memory PUF [38] [39], aging resilient RO-PUF [40], sensor PUF [41], extreme learning machine PUF [42] etc. Of which, a new type of CMOS-based strong PUFs, called monostable PUF [12], which is highly nonlinear and is not based on linear additive delay bitslice structure, has attracted the attention in this study.…”