Clusters of risk behaviors for noncommunicable diseases in the Brazilian adult population

Abstract

Objectives To identify clusters of risk behaviors among Brazilian adults, by sex, and to associate clusters with sociodemographic factors and self-perception of health. Methods We assessed 46,785 adults from the Brazilian National Health Survey. The risk behaviors were low consumption of fruits and vegetables-LFV (\ 5 times/week), physical inactivity-PI (\ 150 min/week), smoking (yes/no) and excessive consumption of alcohol-EA (5 doses for male, 4 doses for female). We used Venn diagram, cluster analysis and multinomial regression models. ResultsWe found 9 clusters. The cluster of four risk behaviors was more common in males (3.2% vs. 0.83%). Despite a greater potential for aggregation of behaviors in females (O/E = 2.48) than in males (O/E = 1.62), the women were less likely to have all risk behaviors jointly (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.19; 0.31), and this was found for the other clusters. In general, Brazilian black/brown, younger, with low education level and who had a self-perception of bad health, were more likely to engage in clusters of risk behaviors. Conclusions The prevalence of Brazilian adults engaging in clusters of risk behaviors is high, mainly among males, those who reported a bad health and with low socioeconomic status.

Quality of the diet of pregnant women in the scope of Primary Health Care

“…Both are energy-balancing behaviors that can be substituted for their opposite risk behaviors (i.e., being sedentary and consuming energy-rich foods). These results suggest the need to promote the concomitant adoption of multiple health-enhancing behaviors [34,35].…”

“…The regular practice of physical exercises and an adequate diet during pregnancy can reduce the risk of excess weight gain and other problems at this stage, contributing to the general improvement of the mother and newborn's health. The evaluation of these characteristics during pregnancy is a tool that can support important intervention targets for maternal and child health care and impact on health hospitalization costs [34,35]. The gestational period is an opportunity to promote positive health behaviors, such as diet and physical activity, which can have both short-and long-term benefits [36,37].…”

Burden of non-communicable diseases attributable to dietary risks in Brazil, 1990-2019: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

“…Concerning gender, it seems that men are more involved in risk behaviors when compared to women, including inadequate eating patterns 35 , 36 . The Vigitel, a Brazilian telephone survey carried out in the 26 state capitals and the Federal District with individuals aged ≥ 18 years, revealed that 29.8% of the sample consumed five or more unprocessed or minimally processed foods in the day before the interview, with a higher frequency in woman (32.3%) than in men (26.9%) 37 .…”

Desigualdades nos comportamentos de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis: Vigitel, 2019

“…Como desigualdade demográfica, este estudo apontou ainda que a população mais jovem é mais propensa a piores hábitos alimentares e maior consumo de álcool, mas pratica mais atividade física. Um artigo com dados da PNS de 2013, sugeriu que características como sexo masculino, jovens, cor de pele preta, com baixo poder socioeconômico e percepção ruim da saúde estão associadas a comportamentos de risco, como baixo consumo de frutas, legumes e verduras, inatividade física, tabagismo e consumo de álcool 60 . Werneck et al 61 encontraram associação entre prática de atividade física e consumo semanal de álcool entre homens e mulheres e adultos jovens, sendo mais comum entre aqueles com maior escolaridade, baixo tempo de uso de TV e não fumantes.…”