“…Using fMRI, VN transcutaneous stimulation via cervical and auricular sites demonstrated widespread activity in the nucleus of the solitary tract, spinal trigeminal nucleus (TN), locus coeruleus and cortical areas (Frangos et al, 2015; Yakunina et al, 2017; Frangos and Komisaruk, 2017). Still, occipital and trigeminal nerve are being studied and seem to have a role on pain autonomic response and headache treatment (Rigo et al, 2014; Chassot et al, 2015; Chou et al, 2017; Waki et al, 2017). Another peripheral nerve with a close connection with the VN is the accessory spinal nerve (ASN).…”