CLR1 and CLR2 are light dependent regulators of xylanase and pectinase genes in Trichoderma reesei

Beier, Sabrina; Hinterdobler, Wolfgang; Bazafkan, Hoda; Schillinger, Lukas; Schmoll, Monika

doi:10.1016/j.fgb.2019.103315

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Therefore, cellulolytic fungi have developed a complex regulatory machinery to coordinate nutrients for growth and hydrolytic enzyme production. For instance, the cellulase production of T. reesei is regulated in response to various environmental stresses such as light [ 3 , 4 ], organic solvents [ 5 ], and metal ions [ 6 ]. Several signal pathways like mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways [ 7 ], Ca 2+ -responsive signaling pathway [ 8 ] and light regulation pathway [ 3 ] have been reported to be involved in the regulation of cellulase production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-dose rapamycin exerts a temporary impact on T. reesei RUT-C30 through gene trFKBP12

Pang

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2021

Biotechnol Biofuels

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Background Knowledge with respect to regulatory systems for cellulase production is prerequisite for exploitation of such regulatory networks to increase cellulase production, improve fermentation efficiency and reduce the relevant production cost. The target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway is considered as a central signaling hub coordinating eukaryotic cell growth and metabolism with environmental inputs. However, how and to what extent the TOR signaling pathway and rapamycin are involved in cellulase production remain elusive. Result At the early fermentation stage, high-dose rapamycin (100 μM) caused a temporary inhibition effect on cellulase production, cell growth and sporulation of Trichoderma reesei RUT-C30 independently of the carbon sources, and specifically caused a tentative morphology defect in RUT-C30 grown on cellulose. On the contrary, the lipid content of T. reesei RUT-C30 was not affected by rapamycin. Accordingly, the transcriptional levels of genes involved in the cellulase production were downregulated notably with the addition of rapamycin. Although the mRNA levels of the putative rapamycin receptor trFKBP12 was upregulated significantly by rapamycin, gene trTOR (the downstream effector of the rapamycin–FKBP12 complex) and genes associated with the TOR signaling pathways were not changed markedly. With the deletion of gene trFKBP12, there is no impact of rapamycin on cellulase production, indicating that trFKBP12 mediates the observed temporary inhibition effect of rapamycin. Conclusion Our study shows for the first time that only high-concentration rapamycin induced a transient impact on T. reesei RUT-C30 at its early cultivation stage, demonstrating T. reesei RUT-C30 is highly resistant to rapamycin, probably due to that trTOR and its related signaling pathways were not that sensitive to rapamycin. This temporary influence of rapamycin was facilitated by gene trFKBP12. These findings add to our knowledge on the roles of rapamycin and the TOR signaling pathways play in T. reesei.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-dose rapamycin exerts a temporary impact on T. reesei RUT-C30 through gene trFKBP12

Pang

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2021

Biotechnol Biofuels

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“…This extra section does not contain any transmembrane segments and is predicted by TMHMM server to be located inside the cell similarly to the N-terminus of the QM6a version of the gene [ 21 ]. As reported before, crt1 is in the same genomic region with transcription factor clr2 (trire2_26163), which is involved in regulation of xylanase and pectinase genes, and these genes appear to be co-expressed based on transcriptome analysis done in the RUT-C30 strain [ 22 , 23 ]. Phylogenetic alignment of the amino acid sequence of CRT1 with some of the well characterized fungal disaccharide transporters showed that it is quite distant from the N. crassa cellodextrin transporters CDT-1 and CDT-2, which have other homologs in T. reesei (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Studies on sugar transporter CRT1 reveal new characteristics that are critical for cellulase induction in Trichoderma reesei

Havukainen

Valkonen

Koivuranta

et al. 2020

Biotechnol Biofuels

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Background Trichoderma reesei is an ascomycete fungus that has a tremendous capability of secreting extracellular proteins, mostly lignocellulose-degrading enzymes. Although many aspects of the biology of this organism have been unfolded, the roles of the many sugar transporters coded in its genome are still a mystery with a few exceptions. One of the most interesting sugar transporters that has thus far been discovered is the cellulose response transporter 1 (CRT1), which has been suggested to be either a sugar transporter or a sensor due to its seemingly important role in cellulase induction. Results Here we show that CRT1 is a high-affinity cellobiose transporter, whose function can be complemented by the expression of other known cellobiose transporters. Expression of two sequence variants of the crt1 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed that only the variant listed in the RUT-C30 genome annotation has the capability to transport cellobiose and lactose. When expressed in the $$\Delta$$ Δ crt1 strain, the variant listed in the QM6a genome annotation offers partial complementation of the cellulase induction, while the expression of the RUT-C30 variant or cellobiose transporters from two other fungal species fully restore the cellulase induction. Conclusions These results add to our knowledge about the fungal metabolism of cellulose-derived oligosaccharides, which have the capability of inducing the cellulase production in many species. They also help us to deepen our understanding of the T. reesei lactose metabolism, which can have important consequences as this sugar is used as the inducer of protein secretion in many industrial processes which employ this species.

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“…There are several lines of evidence pointing to the crosstalk between plant cell wall deconstruction enzyme expression and secondary metabolism biosynthesis in T. reesei [37,[44][45][46][47][48], which involves methyltransferase Lae1, YPK1-type kinase Usk1, catalytic subunit of protein kinase A (PKAc1), and transcription factors (Vel1, Cre1, Xpp1, and Ypr2). It has been demonstrated that Cre1, Usk1, PKAc1, and Xpp1 control the expression of the SOR cluster, including the transcription factors Ypr1 and Ypr2 [37,45,47,48]. Our results indicated that, besides cellulase biosynthesis, Vib1 controls the expression of the SOR gene cluster; however, Vib1 had no effect on the mRNA levels of Usk1, PKAc1, and Xpp1, indicating that Vib1 might act downstream of the three regulators.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Role of Trichoderma reesei Vib1 in Gene Expression during Cellulose Degradation

Chen

Song

Liu

et al. 2021

JoF

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Vib1, a member of the Ndt80/PhoG-like transcription factor family, has been shown to be essential for cellulase production of Trichoderma reesei. Here, we combined transcriptomic and genetic analyses to gain mechanistic insights into the roles of Vib1 during cellulose degradation. Our transcriptome analysis showed that the vib1 deletion caused 586 genes with decreased expression and 431 genes with increased expression on cellulose. The downregulated genes were enriched for Gene Ontology terms associated with carbohydrate metabolism, transmembrane transport, oxidoreductase activity, and transcription factor activity. Of the 258 genes induced by cellulose, 229 showed no or decreased expression in Δvib1 on cellulose, including almost all (hemi)cellulase genes, crucial sugar transporter genes (IDs:69957, 3405), and the genes encoding main transcriptional activators Xyr1 and Ace3. Additionally, Vib1 also regulated the expression of genes involved in secondary metabolism. Further comparison of the transcriptomes of Δvib1 and Δxyr1 in cellulose revealed that the genes regulated by Vib1 had much overlap with Xyr1 targets especially for the gene set induced by cellulose, presumably whose expression requires the cooperativity between Vib1 and Xyr1. Genetic evidence indicated that Vib1 regulates cellulase gene expression partially via Xyr1. Our results will provide new clues for strain improvement.

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CLR1 and CLR2 are light dependent regulators of xylanase and pectinase genes in Trichoderma reesei

Cited by 26 publications

References 68 publications

High-dose rapamycin exerts a temporary impact on T. reesei RUT-C30 through gene trFKBP12

High-dose rapamycin exerts a temporary impact on T. reesei RUT-C30 through gene trFKBP12

Studies on sugar transporter CRT1 reveal new characteristics that are critical for cellulase induction in Trichoderma reesei

Understanding the Role of Trichoderma reesei Vib1 in Gene Expression during Cellulose Degradation

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