Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) ingredients affect lymphocyte subtypes expansion and cytokine profile responses: An in vitro evaluation

Abstract

Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) has been used in folk medicine in many disorders. The present work aimed to investigate effects of clove essential oil as eugenol and water soluble ingredients on mouse splenocytes. Clove extracts were harvested and in different concentrations (0.001-1000 μg/mL) were affected to splenocytes and also phytohemagglutinin (PHA = 5 μg/mL) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS = 10 μg/mL) activated splenocytes; then splenocytes proliferation assayed using the MTT ([3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl) -2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide]) method were done. On the culture supernatant interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β cytokines were measured. Clove ingredients (100 μg/mL and 1000 μg/mL) reduced PHA stimulated splenocytes proliferation and enhanced LPS stimulated cells expansion. Treated splenocytes showed suppression of IFN-γ release and induction of IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β secretion (in the range of 0.1-1000 μg/mL). The results of this study suggest clove extracts could suppress the T cell cellular immunity and enhance humoral immune responses. In clove affection cytokine pattern shifted toward modulatory and Th2 responses and accelerator of humoral immunity cytokines.

Multivariate approach in voltammetric identification and simultaneous determination of eugenol, carvacrol, and thymol on boron-doped diamond electrode

“…Essential oils with lower content of eugenol are cinnamon oil (Cinnamomum altissimum, Cinnamomum verum, or Cinnamomum cassia)-1.2-14.7% [6][7][8][9][10] and laurel oil (Laurus nobilis)-1.4-2.2% [11]. These oils rich in eugenol are used in dietary supplements, cosmetics, aromatherapy, and phytotherapy, due to their anesthetic, antifungal, and insecticidal properties [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Inhibition of Inflammatory Agent Production by Ethanol Extract and Eugenol of Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Flower Bud (Clove) in LPS-Stimulated Raw 264.7 Cells

“…In this study, ethanol extract and eugenol of S. aromaticum in 10 and 50 µg mLG 1 of concentration showed IL-6 inhibitory activity. Another study also confirmed that S. aromaticum could inhibit IL-1β and IL-6 production after LPS-stimulated cells (Bachiega et al, 2012;Dibazar et al, 2014a). The eugenol as main component of S. aromaticum also could suppress IL-6 in LPS-stimulated macrophage (Rodrigues et al, 2009;Miguel, 2010).…”

“…Several studies have reported that phytochemical content of S. aromaticum exerts pharmacology actions including antioxidant, hypoglemic and anti-inflammatory activities (Jung et al, 2012). Eugenol as the main ingredients of S. aromaticum have been shown to modulate some immune response, including anti-inflammatory effects (Ko et al, 1995;Dibazar et al, 2014a). In this study, we have evaluated the anti-inflammatory potential of ethanol extract and eugenol of S. aromaticum flower bud extract through IL-1β, TNF-α, NO and IL-6 inhibitory activity assays in LPS stimulated-murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7).…”

Much More Than a Pleasant Scent: A Review on Essential Oils Supporting the Immune System

“…In another experiment, eugenol, when used to treat mouse splenocytes in vitro, reduced PHA-stimulated splenocyte proliferation, but enhanced LPS-stimulated cell expansion. IFNγ release was suppressed, and IL-4, IL-10, and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) secretions were induced in splenocytes suggesting, according to the authors, that eugenol could enhance the humoral immune response by shifting the cytokine pattern toward T helper 2 responses [26].…”

“…Allium sativum (garlic) [22] Eucalyptus globulus (eucalyptus) [23,24] eugenol (from Syzygium aromaticum, clove) [25,26] Ferula iliensis [27] frankincense EO (derived from Boswellia carterii) [28] Lavandula angustifolia (lavender) [29] Pituranthos tortuosus [30] Schinus molle [31] Syzygium cumini (jambolão) [32] Thymus vulgaris (thyme) [33] In Vivo Pre-Clinical Studies…”