Inhibition of Inflammatory Agent Production by Ethanol Extract and Eugenol of Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Flower Bud (Clove) in LPS-Stimulated Raw 264.7 Cells

Abstract

Various plants and their derived compounds have been used in the treatment of inflammation, including Syzygium aromaticum (L.) and eugenol as one of the most active compounds in it. Inflammation is one of an important biological response to injury. Anti-inflammatory is important to treat the danger of acute and chronic inflammation. The objective of the present study was to evaluate anti-inflammatory potential of S. aromaticum flower bud (clove) ethanol extract and eugenol from S. aromaticum on LPS stimulated-murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7). Cell viability assay was performed to evaluate the nontoxic concentration in cell line was performed by MTS assay. The cytotoxic activity which is considered safe on RAW.264.7 cell were 50 and 10 µg mLG 1 concentration of the S. aromaticum flower bud ethanol extract and eugenol. Several measurements were performed including IL-1β, TNF-α, NO and IL-6 concentration assay by Elisa after treatment compared to non treated cells to determine the anti-inflammatory activity. Syzygium aromaticum was inhibited IL-1β, TNF-α, NO and IL-6 release on LPS stimulated-RAW.264.7. No significant difference was observed in the S. aromaticum flower bud extract and eugenol on IL-1β inhibitory activity but eugenol showed the higher TNF-α inhibitory activity then S. aromaticum flower bud extract. The 50 µg mLG 1 ethanol extract of S. aromaticum flower bud showed the highest IL-6 and nitrite-associated NO inhibitory activity. This research revealed that ethanol extract and eugenol of S. aromaticum flower bud (clove) possess the anti-inflammatory potential showed by the inhibitory activity of the inflammatory mediator including IL-1β, TNF-α, NO and IL-6.

Modulatory effect of Syzygium aromaticum and Pelargonium graveolens on oxidative stress and inflammation

“…Also, it has been reported previously that PG exhibited a strong anti-inflammatory effect and were effective at inhibiting proinflammatory enzymes [44]. Many authors have reported anti-inflammatory effect of SA in experimental animal models [45-46]. However, to our knowledge, the anti-inflammatory properties of EOs combinations have not been previously targeted.…”

HPLC/MS characterization of Syzygium aromaticum L. and evaluation of its effects on peritoneal adhesion: Investigating the role of inflammatory cytokines, oxidative factors, and fibrosis and angiogenesis biomarkers

“…Syzygium aromaticum extract (SAE) possesses several pharmacological effects, including analgesic, antimicrobial, antitumor, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant and cytotoxic properties. The potential anti‐inflammatory impacts of clove have also been shown by the inflammatory mediator's inhibitory activity, including IL‐1β, TNF‐α, NO, and IL‐6 (Bhowmik et al, 2012; Dibazar et al, 2015; Rodrigues et al, 2009; Rusmana et al, 2015; Singletary, 2014). Therefore, the current experiments investigated the protective effects of hydroalcoholic extract of S. aromaticum (0.25%, 0.5%, and 1% w/v) on the post‐operational‐induced PA formation in a rat model.…”