Clove Oil Extraction by Steam Distillation and Utilization of Clove Buds Waste as Potential Candidate for Eco-Friendly Packaging

Abstract

As a tropical country which has abundant of spices, Indonesia is challenged to increase the economic values of spices commodity in raw material form (wet or dry). One way to raise the economic values of these commodities is by modifying into its derivatives. Clove is one of spices commodity which can be processed furthermore into an essential oil. By transforming clove from raw material to essential oil, the economic value increases from 2 to 20 times per kilogram. In this present research, the extraction time of clove oil using steam hydro distillation is reported. The distillation procedure was conducted in various times, that was in 3, 4, 5, and 6 hours. Furthermore, the clove oil sample that obtained from optimum extraction time was characterized using FTIR and GCMS. Then the result was compared to the commercial clove oil (100 % of purity). In support of sustainability process, then the clove buds waste from steam distillation were challenging to be one of eco-friendly packaging candidates. Two compositions of waste and additional material have been investigated in this study. It found that the best composition was composed of clove buds waste powder: recycled paper (7:3). During the casting process, some additives material was added such as tapioca (20%) and chitosan (1 %) in acid solution in order to improve its mechanical properties. Furthermore, thermal degradability of the eco-friendly packaging was studied. It was started to degrade at 286.58oC. According to this research, the cloves buds’ cardboard was quite potential to be developed as commercial eco-friendly packaging.

Chemical profiling of steam distillation clove bud oil from local producer in Karanganyar using GC-MS

“…The compounds that were not present in the research results were probably caused by clove bud samples from cigarette factory waste, namely clove flower dust so that the samples used were less controlled. The number of compounds obtained is in line with the research of Ratri et al (2020) [6], however, α-ylangene and methyl salicylate compounds were not found in the study. Based on this, quality information of clove oil can be important information in improving the quality of local CBO products, so the product has a high selling value and is a real step in utilizing cigarette factory waste in Indonesia.…”

“…The commonly used parts of cloves are buds and leaves and the oil is used for the food, medicinal, cosmetic, and agricultural industries, such as antimicrobial agents, antivirals, analgesics, insecticides, larvicides, ant repellent Solenopsis invicta, and it is used to improve memory deficits due to oxidative stress [4]. The study of Batiha et al (2020) [5] reported that the result of GC-MS shown that clove oil contained 36 compounds, including eugenol, β-caryophyllene, eugenylacetate, ethyl hexanoate, 2-heptanone, α-humulene, calacorene, humulenol, and calamen-ene while Ratri et al (2020) [6] reported that steam distillation clove bud oil (CBO) from fresh bud clove contained 8 compounds, namely methyl salicylate, chavicol, eugenol, α-ylangene, caryophyllene, humulene, eugenyl acetate, and caryophyllene oxide.…”

A comprehensive review on clove (Caryophyllus aromaticus L.) essential oil and its significance in the formulation of edible coatings for potential food applications

“…Boiling water produces steam, and that steam carries the volatile oils with it. The oil and water are then separated by cooling and humidification ( 46 ).…”

Low-cost environment-friendly energy scavenging system

“…It is higher than the strength of Styrofoam, paper, and films but much lower than other RF dedicated substrates (such as RO4003 and FR4). For instance, the tensile strength of corrugated boards can reach up to 3.3 MPa for an elongation of 6% [17]. This value is high when compared with other materials such as Styrofoam (0.4 MPa), paper (0.32 MPa) but much lower than that of FR4 substrate (430 MPa) [18,19].…”