Chemical profiling of steam distillation clove bud oil from local producer in Karanganyar using GC-MS

Abstract

Indonesia is the world’s largest clove producer. The buds are used in the cigarette industry, but the waste still contains eugenol. This has helped local clove oil refiners grow by utilizing the waste, including clove bud oil (CBO) producer in Karanganyar. The level of eugenol derived from cigarette industry waste met SNI is still a problem for local producers. The purpose of this study was to determine the profile of CBO compounds from steam distillation using GC-MS. Oil characteristics are known by organoleptic tests and refractive index. CBO (steam distillation) profiling was carried out on four drums of different batches using the GC-MS “Shimadzu QP 2010 SE”. The columns used were Rtx-5MS. The detector used was FID and helium was the mobile phase. The eugenol level was determined by comparing the area of the peak obtained with the total area of eugenol standard. The results showed CBO had a clear light yellow color with a distinctive aroma of cloves and had a refractive index value of 1.5343. There were 10 compounds contained in CBO, namely eugenol; trans-caryophyllene; eugenol acetate; α-humulene; α-cadinene; α-copaene; cyclohexane 1,5-dimethyl-2,3-divinyl; caryophyllene oxide; naphthalene 1,2,3,4,4a,7-hexahydro-1,6-dimethyl-4-(1-methylethyl); and α-cubebene. The eugenol levels of each drum sequentially were 81.72, 82.94, 83.22, and 82.23% and all of them met SNI criteria.