Cloud Points in Aqueous Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Solutions

Kawaguchi, Tomoaki; Kojima, Yosuke; Osa, Masashi; Yoshizaki, Takenao

doi:10.1295/polymj.pj2007227

Cited by 53 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The calculation of the curves of the Okada and Tanaka model utilized the parameters used by these authors [66] namely V 0 = 555 and l 0 = 0.002 for N = 100 and V 0 = 565 and l 0 = 0.003 for N = 1000. The free energiesa re formulated in terms of monomer volume fraction f.T he demixing curves are thus first obtained in terms of f and than converted to w utilizing w = [17] who noted that the transmittance curve was independent of the scan rate below 0.025 Kmin…”

Section: Measurement Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) Phase Diagrams: Fifty Years of Research

2015

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In 1968, Heskins and Guillet published the first systematic study of the phase diagram of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), at the time a "young polymer" first synthesized in 1956. Since then, PNIPAM became the leading member of the growing families of thermoresponsive polymers and of stimuli-responsive, "smart" polymers in general. Its thermal response is unanimously attributed to its phase behavior. Yet, in spite of 50 years of research, a coherent quantitative picture remains elusive. In this Review we survey the reported phase diagrams, discuss the differences and comment on theoretical ideas regarding their possible origins. We aim to alert the PNIPAM community to open questions in this reputably mature domain.

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Section: Measurement Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) Phase Diagrams: Fifty Years of Research

2015

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“…Below the LCST, the PNIPAM chains are hydrated by intermolecular hydrogen bonding and become reversibly hydrophobic above the LCST by intramolecular hydrogen bonding. [184][185][186] Classical ATRP of NIPAM has been successfully achieved in DMF/water 50/50 (v/v), 187 various alcohols like 2-propanol (i-PrOH) and tert-butyl alcohol (t-BuOH) 188,189 as well as pure water 190 at low temperature. To transfer the polymerization to grafting from silica nanoparticles pointed out to be challenging.…”

Section: Page 8 Of 48 Polymer Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface-initiated controlled radical polymerizations from silica nanoparticles, gold nanocrystals, and bionanoparticles

2015

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In recent years, core/shell nanohybrids containing a nanoparticle core and a distinct surrounding shell of polymer brushes have received extensive attention in nanoelectronics, nanophotonics, catalysis, nanopatterning, drug delivery, biosensing, and many others. From the large variety of existing polymerization methods on the one hand and strategies for grafting onto nanoparticle surfaces on the other hand, the combination of grafting-from with controlled radical polymerization (CRP) techniques has turned out to be the best suited for synthesizing these well-defined core/shell nanohybrids and is known as surface-initiated CRP. Most common among these are surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), surface-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, and surface-initiated nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP). This review highlights the state of the art of growing polymers from nanoparticles using surface-initiated CRP techniques. We focus on mechanistic aspects, synthetic procedures, and the formation of complex architectures as well as novel properties. From the vast number of examples of nanoparticle/polymer hybrids formed by surface-initiated CRP techniques, we present nanohybrid formation from the particularly important and most studied silica nanoparticles, gold nanocrystals, and proteins which can be regarded as bionanoparticles

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“…Um Entmischungskurven zu erhalten, wurden diverse Te chniken eingesetzt:T ransmission, [16][17][18]20,22,23,[26][27][28] Intensität bei verschiedenen Streuwinkeln [24,26,[28][29][30] und Refraktometrie. Um Entmischungskurven zu erhalten, wurden diverse Te chniken eingesetzt:T ransmission, [16][17][18]20,22,23,[26][27][28] Intensität bei verschiedenen Streuwinkeln [24,26,[28][29][30] und Refraktometrie.…”

Section: Probleme Bei Der Messungunclassified

Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamid)‐Phasendiagramme: 50 Jahre Forschung

2015

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Im Jahr 1968 publizierten Heskins und Guillet die erste systematische Studie über das Phasendiagramm von Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamid) (PNIPAM), einem zu jener Zeit “jungen Polymer”, das erstmalig 1956 synthetisiert worden war. Seitdem ist PNIPAM zu einem führenden Vertreter der wachsenden Familie temperatur‐ und reizempfindlicher Polymere geworden. Seine thermische Antwort ist fraglos durch sein Phasenverhalten begründet. Nach nunmehr 50 Jahren Forschung zeichnet sich noch immer kein einheitliches, quantitatives Bild seines Verhaltens ab. In diesem Aufsatz treten wir eine Reise zu den beobachteten Phasendiagrammen an. Wir kommentieren theoretische Überlegungen zu den möglichen Ursachen der dabei offensichtlich werdenden Unterschiede. Dabei ist es unser Ziel, nach wie vor offene Fragen auf diesem altehrwürdigen Gebiet vor Augen zu führen.

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Cloud Points in Aqueous Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Solutions

Cited by 53 publications

References 21 publications

Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) Phase Diagrams: Fifty Years of Research

Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) Phase Diagrams: Fifty Years of Research

Surface-initiated controlled radical polymerizations from silica nanoparticles, gold nanocrystals, and bionanoparticles

Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamid)‐Phasendiagramme: 50 Jahre Forschung

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